쇼펜하우어의 연민: 리하르트 바그너와 헨리 제임스의 경우 = Schopenhauer`s Compassion : Cases of Richard Wagner and Henry James

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Every individual in a power-oriented world is shown as the representative of the affirmation of life which leads them into self-love or egoism. With knowledge of the Idea, however, Wagnerian and Jamesian heroes can be seen as identical with a saviour. They represent the denial or renunciation of the individual will-to-live and consequently manifest their innate virtue of compassion. According to Schopenhauer, compassion is a virtue that naturally springs from the intuitive knowledge that enables an individual to recognize in another`s individuality the same inner nature as in his/her own. In The Ring of the Nibelung, Richard Wagner incarnates his aesthetic utopianism by creating a heroine, Brunnhilde who will abide by compassion to eventually save the world from eternal submission to power, materialism and lovelessness. Henry James, aligned with Wagner defends the purpose of art as the presentation of compassion in his last unfinished novel The Ivory Tower. Obviously, James owes a debt to Wagner in creating Rosanna Gaw as Jamesian Brunnhilde who will show compassion to Graham Fielder, a Jamesian hero of innocence. With heroes of compassion, the world and people regain and continue to appreciate the aesthetic pleasure of life.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Schopenhauer, Arthur, "The World as Will and Representation 2 Vols" Dover 1969

2 Marshall, Adre, "The Turn of the Mind" Associated University Presses 1998

3 Magee, Bryan, "The Tristan Chord" Hot Paperbacks 2000

4 Wagner, Richard, "The Ring of the Nibelung" Norton 1976

5 Edel, Leon, "The Life of Henry James 2 Vols" Penguin 1977

6 James, Henry, "The Ivory Tower" Augutus M. Kelley Publishers 1976

7 James, Henry, "The Golden Bowl" Penguin 1985

8 James, Henry, "The Figure in the Carpet and Other Stories" Penguin 1986

9 Nietzsche, Friedrich, "The Birth of Tragedy and The Case of Wagner" Vintage 1967

10 James, Henry, "The American Scene" Penguin 1994

11 Maves, Carl, "Sensuous Pessimism" Indiana UP 1973

12 Grey, Thomas S, "Richard Wagner and His World" Princeton UP 2009

13 Wagner, Richard, "Prose Works" Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner 1976

14 Donadio, Stephen, "Nietzsche, Henry James, and the Artistic Will" Oxford UP 1978

15 James, Henry, "Letters of Henry James, 4 Vols" Bellnap 1984

16 Adorno, Theodor, "In Search of Wagner" Verso 2005

17 Rowe, John Carlos, "Henry Adams and Henry James" Cornell UP 1976

18 James, Henry, "Essays on Literature, American Writers, English Writers" Library of America 1984