의암(毅菴) 유인석(柳麟錫)의 연해주(沿海州)에서의 의병투쟁(義兵鬪爭)과 사상적(思想的) 변이(變移)에 관한 연구 = A Study on Ui-am Yu In-seok`s Militia Resistance in Primorsky Krai and the Change in his Thoughts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ui-am Yu In-seok was a proponent of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa ``to protect the righteous and eliminate the evil`` on the theoretical basis, while being the chief of one of the major militias that initiated anti-Japan military resistance begun in 1985. So the studies on Yu In-seok should focus on both his roles at the same time. However, the studies about him so far have not dealt with his claim of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa and his militia resistance together in association and thus failed to clarify the interrelationship between the two. Especially since his thoughts have been studied and interpreted in the system of Seong-ni-hak ``philosophy of human nature and natural laws``, in particular, the relation between his slogan of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa and its practical application embodied as militia resistance has not been paid attention. In the light of this, this paper tries to present the real practices of Yu In-seok`s militia resistance in relation to his claim of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa, which was the source of energy that propelled the resistance movement. It is because his claim of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa and his militia resistance together can be seen as the reflection of his view of Ji-haeng-hap-il ``knowledge and conduct should agree``. With this consideration, this study examines changes in his understanding of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa concept through the analysis of his militia resistance that was represented as a practical realization of the slogan he claimed. This study also investigates what kinds of changes occurred in his thoughts through his experiences abroad in his exile to Primorsky Krai, where he claimed to develop base camps of militia resistance in foreign countrie, allying with domestic militia forces for eliminating imperial Japanese to restore the sovereignty of Dae-han Je-guk ``Imperial Korea``. Yu In-seok, while pushing forward militia resistance movement from the early stage of anti-Japan militia resistance begun in 1895 to the period of Japan`s annexation of Korea in 1910, presented Cheo-byeon Sam-sa ``three rules to face changing situations``, which became the principles of behavior among the intelligentsia at that time. He also proposed the idea of having militia camps abroad as integration of his militia resistance strategies. In addition, he presented ``the Rules of Militia`` and ``Gwan-il-yak`` as principles of organizing militia resistance, expanding militia movement even to foreign territories, and plotted a plan of establishing domestic bases for the resistance to spread the fight as a full-scale all-out war. It was at the beginning stage of Imperial Japan`s forceful occupation of Dae-han Je-guk, and Dae-han couldn`t overcome its feeble military power, with its militia fights unable to develop as an all-nation resistance. Yu In-seok went into exile in Primorsky Krai and continued his militia resistance there in many places including Yenchu, failing to have a fruitful result. Even in the course of these militia fights, however, he could write out a book titled ``U-ju Mun-dap`` (Q&A`s for the Universe), which can be called the final version of his and Hwa-seo School`s understanding of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa. This book shows in an orderly manner his thoughts coping with the then international political situations. In this book we can see the change in his thoughts to accept western cultures, though in part, while continuing to keep the idea of Wi-jeong Cheok-sa even until the end of his life. He maintained the idea of Chae-seo ``adoption of the west`` that clarifies partial acceptance of western cultures, and it is understood as a change in his thoughts about Cheok-yang ``elimination of the west``.