The purpose of this study is to explore the academic difficulties of middle-aged college students and how they overcome their difficulties in the project of Lifelong education at universities for the Future of Education (LiFE project) to provide basic...
The purpose of this study is to explore the academic difficulties of middle-aged college students and how they overcome their difficulties in the project of Lifelong education at universities for the Future of Education (LiFE project) to provide basic content for more appropriate educational support for middle-aged college students. To achieve this research purpose, 16 middle-aged students and graduates from four-year universities across the country who were participating in the LiFE project as of 2021 were selected to conduct 1:1 interviews, both non-face-to-face or face-to-face. Using a constant comparison method, data generated through interviews was analyzed. In addition, to ensure the integrity and consistency of the research, all study participants checked the transcripts and research results. In addition, three doctoral-level researchers, who have experiences in qualitative research on related topics and different personal characteristics (age, gender), checked the analysis results.
As a result, 5 upper categories and 16 subcategories were derived as the academic difficulties experienced by middle-aged college students. Furthermore, 2 upper categories and 8 subcategories were derived as ways for overcoming their academic difficulties. The academic difficulties experienced by middle-aged college students are initial difficulty due to the learning context in the past, difficulty due to aging in a complex sense such as physical, social, and psychological, difficulty due to middle-aged in LiFE business, difficulty due to work (including housework), and difficulty due to COVID-19. The initial difficulties according to the past learning context include these subcategories: difficulty in adjusting to early studies and lack of basic academic skills (computer, PPT, information search methods, English, etc.). The difficulties associated with aging were classified into people's prejudice against late study, lack of understanding and memory, generation gap between classmates, economic burden due to family support, and presbyopia and vision problems. The difficulties due to middle-aged students in LiFE business include lack of understanding and prejudice of university members, lack of administrative continuity and systemicity, inappropriate curriculum and lack of choice, school-age college student-centered teaching method, and instructors with low fitness and low preparation. The difficulties of balancing work, including housework, and school largely include subcategories of time and physical grievances. The difficulties caused by the COVID-19 crisis, which began in earnest in 2020, are classified into dissatisfaction with non-face-to-face classes and insufficient activities on college campuses. To answer the second research question, the ways for overcoming academic difficulties of middle-aged college students can be largely classified into internal methods of learners and external methods of learners. The internal ways of learners include passion for learning, positive perception and attitude, fun and enjoyment of learning, and satisfaction given by time for myself as subcategories. The methods outside the learner include professor’s help, support among classmates, universities that accept learners' opinions, and family support and help.
Based on these research results, implications for higher education to better support middle-aged adult learners' college studies and follow-up studies were suggested.