피동접사가 사건 당사자의 감정 추론에 미치는 영향 : 사건 기술에서 ‘-당하다’와 ‘-되다’의 차이 = Inferring Protagonist’s Emotion from Event Description: The Difference of -tanghata and -toyta

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine how the two Korean passive suffixes, -tanghata and -toyta, influence the inference of emotional states toward the protagonist of an event description. Drawing on appraisal approaches to responsibility and a force-dynamics perspective, we tested whether these expressions influence emotion judgments about negative outcomes. Seventy-two Korean undergraduates read sentences describing disadvantage outcomes (10 verbs; 240 items) manipulating event cause (other-caused vs situation-caused) and expression (-tanghata vs -toyta). Participants selected the protagonist’s likely emotion (anger, sadness, or an open-ended alternative), yielding 2,880 usable responses (240 sentences). Logistic mixed-effects models with random intercepts for participants and items showed that the use of passive suffix significantly influenced emotion inferences in both causal contexts. In other-caused contexts, -tanghata significantly increased the likelihood of selecting anger relative to -toyta. In situation-caused contexts, -tanghata significantly increased the likelihood of selecting sadness relative to -toyta. These findings indicate that – tanghata/-toyta can influence emotion judgments in context, consistent with differences in how events are framed.