Anticonvulsant effect and acute toxicity study of the aqueous lyophilized extract of four medicinal plants of Cameroon: Malvaviscus arboreus, Alchemilla kiwuensis and mixture of Drymaria cordata and Markhamia lutea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects nearly 1% of the world’s population and remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan. This study aimed at investigating anticonvulsant effects and acute toxicity of four Cameroonian medicinal plants: Malvaviscus arboreus (M. arboreus), Alchemilla kiwuensis (A. kiwuensis), and mixture of Drymaria cordata (D. cordata) and Markhamia lutea (M. lutea). Acute epileptic seizures were induced on Swiss mice of both sexes with pentylenetetrazole (70 mg/kg), picrotoxin (7.5 mg/kg) and strychnine (2.5 mg/kg). Acute toxicity and qualitative phytochemical tests of plants were further perfomed. M. arboreus protected 71.43% of subjects against pentylene- tetrazole-induced seizures at 688 mg/kg (p < 0.01) and 57.14% of subjects against picrotoxin-induced seizures at 1376 mg/ kg (p < 0.05) and had no effect on strychnine-induced seizures and death. A. kiwuensis protected 85.71% of subjects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures at 41.25 mg/kg (p < 0.001) and 57.14% of subjects against picrotoxin-induced seizures at 82.5 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and had no effect on strychnine-induced seizures and death. Mixture of D. cordata and M. lutea protected 71.43% of subjects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures at 1554 mg/kg (p < 0.01) and 28.57% of subjects against strychnine-induced seizures at 388.5 mg/kg and had no effect on picrotoxin-induced seizures. All the extracts were non-toxic in the acute toxicity test and their qualitative phytochemistry revealed bioactive compounds such as saponins, phenols and tannins. These results show that those various plants’ extracts are non-toxic and have anticonvulsant properties.
They then could contribute to improve the treatment of epilepsy.

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