피히테(J. G. Fichte)의 ‘인정’으로서의 권리 개념에 대한 고찰 = A Study on the Concept of Rights as 'Recognition' in J. G. Fichte

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글에서 살펴볼 권리 이론은 근대의 이성 철학 전통에서 등장한 피히테(J. G. Fichte)의 권리이론이다. 그는 권리 개념을 자유로운 주체들의 상호인정 관계라고 정의함으로써 헤겔에 앞서 인정 이론의 출발점을 제공한 철학자이다. 피히테는 이성적 존재들의 공존이 상호인정을 통해서만 가능하다고 보았고, 상호인정은 의식주체들이 자기의식을 확보하기 위한 필연적 조건이라고 보았다는 점에서 현대의 인정 논의에도 중요한 시사점을 제공한다. 그의 이론은 인간의 보편적 본질을 토대로 제시된 것이지만 구체적인 사회적 맥락을 배제하지 않는다는 특징이 있다. 인간의 본질을 의식의 활동적 성격에서 찾고, 자기의식이 전개되는 구조가 필연적으로 주체들 사이의 사회적 관계 확립을 내포한다는 것을 보임으로서 역사·사회적 맥락의 다양성에 개방되어 있는 이성관을 제시하기 때문이다. 이 점에서 그의 이론은 근대의 보편적 권리관념이 차이에 무감각하다는 현대적 비판에 대해서도 대답을 마련한다. 피히테의 인정이론은 근대 자연권 관념의 반사회적 전제, 그리고 이성 철학에서 중심적 주제로 주목되지 못했던 신체성, 의식의 상호성 등과 관련된 적극적인 논의들을 이론 내용으로 포함한다는 점에서도 의의가 있다고 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recent interests in the concept of recognition along with human rights are due in part to the increasing perception about the social and political changes in “multicultural society”. Many contemporary theories are tend to reject the modern universal concept of rights for its universalistic view fails to perceive the matter of recognition of various and different identities in multicultural age. However, we can find the concept of recognition in the very modern universalistic theory of rights that has been neglected for a long time. A german philosopher, J. G. Fichte presents the concept of rights which can be realized only through the activity of recognition.
It is not well known that the theory of recognition begins from Fichte before Hegel. What Fichte formulated was the core importance of recognition in pursuing the coexistence among free rational beings. Without this precondition, rights of man are not possible. Fichte’s analysis of the relationship between self-consciousness, rights and recognition can provide us with the view that make it possible to consider dialectical relationships between universality and contextuality implied in concepts of right and recognition.
Fichte’s concept of right is differentiated from other modern liberal concepts of rights in two important ways. First, for him, rights are not the atomistic properties but in itself the relational properties. Second, he stressed social condition of rights that enables individuals to acquire and experience themselves as free beings. Those characteristic elements of the concepts of rights and recognition in Fichte are examined in this paper.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론: 현대적 문제와 근대적 대답
• Ⅱ. 피히테의 이성존재론에서 ‘권리문제의 의의
• Ⅲ. ‘인정’으로서의 권리와 정치 질서
• Ⅳ. 결론: 보편적 인정 이론을 위하여
• 〈참고문헌〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

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