Biogeography of marine bivalve mollusks of eastern Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The biogeography and diversity patterns of the marine bivalve molluscan fauna of the East Sea coast of South Korea are analyzed. The total species richness of the continental Korean bivalve fauna, excluding insular regions (Dok-do and Ullung-do), is 304, and from north to south the species richness of bivalves increases showing a clear gradient: Gangwon, 143 species → Gyeongbuk, 131 → Gyeongnam, 183. A zonal-geographical analysis of the entire fauna shows that the great majority are warm-water mollusks, constituting 77% (subtropical, 37%, tropical-subtropical, 30%, subtropical-boreal, 10%), The number of boreal (low-boreal, widely distributed boreal and circumboreal) species is lower, 19%, whereas boreal-arctic mollusks have only 4%. This demonstrates that the bivalve molluscan fauna of the eastern coast of Korea is subtropical, and has more affinities to the fauna of the East China Sea than to the northern East Sea. Separate analysis by provinces shows the increasing role of warm-water mollusks from north to south. While tropical-subtropical and subtropical species constitute 47% (68 species) in Gangwon, their dominance increases to 71% (93 species) in Gyeongbuk, and to 80% (148 species) in Gyeongnam. The Gyeongnam bivalve fauna is the most diverse in species composition and has the largest number of “endemics” (species known only from this province), 46%. The Gangwon fauna also contains many “endemics”, up to 40%, while Gyeongbuk is an intermediate zone with low “endemicity”, only at one-fifth of the regional fauna, and has the most species in common among the three provinces.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 A Catalogue of Molluscan Fauna in Korea, "한국산 연체동물 목록" 한국패류학회 18 (18): 93-217, 2002

2 Lutaenko, K.A., "Zonal-biogeographical analysis of bivalve molluscan faunas in three major areas of the western Sea of Japan" 89-94, 2012

3 Nishimura, S., "The zoogeographical aspects of the Japan Sea" 13 : 35-79, 1965

4 Kwon, Y.W., "The Geography of Korea" National Geographic Information Institute 432-, 2010

5 Sedova, L.G., "Stock and distribution of the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis in the southwestern part of Peter the Great Bay" 155 : 76-87, 2008

6 Ito, K., "Shell species caught [by] S/S Rokko-Maru off the coast [of] Ishikawa Prefecture" 4 : 1-179, 1986

7 Hall, C. A., "Shallow-water marine climates and molluscan provinces" 45 : 226-234, 1964

8 Sedova, L. G., "Resources of commercial bivalve molluscs in Peter the Great Bay" 147 : 320-334, 2007

9 Lutaenko, K.A., "On the bivalve molluscan fauna of North Hamgyong Province (North Korea)" 18 : 63-78, 2014

10 Min, D. -K., "Mollusks in Korea" Min Molluscan Research Institute 566-, 2004

11 Golikov, A.N., "Molluscs of the Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan) and their ecology" 42 : 5-154, 1967

12 Briggs, J. C., "Marine Zoogeography" McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1974

13 Willig, M. R., "Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis" 34 : 273-309, 2003

14 Rex, M. A., "Large-scale biogeographic patterns in marine mollusks: a confluence of history and productivity?" 86 : 2288-2297, 2005

15 Amano K., "In:Migrations of Organisms. Climate, Geography, Ecology" Springer 2005

16 Lutaenko, K.A., "In: Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics of the North-Western Pacific Ocean" Science Press 160-188, 2014

17 Kafanov, A. I., "Ichthyofaunistic biogeography of the Japan (East) Sea" 27 : 915-933, 2000

18 Honma, Y., "Fauna and flora in the waters adjacent to the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University; supplement 2" Annual Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University 13-30, 1995

19 Honma, Y., "Fauna and flora in the waters adjacent to the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University: supplement 1. Annual Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station"

20 Honma, Y., "Fauna and flora in the waters adjacent to the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University" 8 : 7-81, 1978

21 Ito, K., "Distribution of molluscan shells in Wakasa Bay, Japan Sea" 40 : 79-211, 1990

22 Yoo, S.K., "Distribution of drifting larvae of scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, in the Yeong-il Bay" 14 : 54-60, 1979

23 Kolpakov, E.V., "Distribution and growth of bivalve mollusc Mercenaria stimpsoni in Inokov Bay (north Primorye)" 136 : 197-204, 2004

24 Xu, F., "Characteristics of bivalve diversity in typical habitats of China seas" 19 (19): 716-722, 2011

25 Lutaenko, K.A., "Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia of the Continental Coast of the Sea of Japan (East Sea)" Dalnauka 247-, 2012

26 Higo, S., "Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan" Elle Scientific Publications 749-, 1999

27 Scarlato, O. A., "Bivalve mollusks of temperate latitudes of the western portion of the Pacific Ocean"

28 Lutaenko, K. A., "Bivalve mollusks of Ussuriysky Bay (Sea of Japan)" 10 : 46-66, 2006

29 Konstantin A. Lutaenko, "Bivalve mollusks in Ulsan Bay (Korea)" 한국패류학회 30 (30): 57-77, 2014

30 Lutaenko, K.A., "Bivalve molluscan biogeography of the Japan Sea: an overview" 1-6, 2010

31 Lutaenko, K., "Bivalve Mollusks in Yeongil Bay, Korea. 2. Faunal Analysis" 한국패류학회 22 (22): 61-82, 2006

32 Kafanov, A. I., "Bivalve Molluscs and Faunistic Biogeography of the Northern Pacific" Far East Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences 195-, 1991

33 Xu, F., "Bivalve Mollusca of China Seas" Science Press 333-, 1997

34 Kussakin, O. G., "Biogeography of isopod crustaceans in the boreal Pacific" 46 : 620-639, 1990

35 Ryu, S. -H., "Biodiversity of marine invertebrates on rocky shores of Dokdo, Korea" 51 (51): 710-726, 2012

36 Rho, B. J., "An analysis of invertebrate community at the tidal and subtidal zone in Onsan Bay with regard to the effect of pollution" 15 : 79-88, 1997

37 Yi, S. K., "A study on the subtidal benthic community in Ulsan Bay, Korea" 4 : 17-26, 1982

38 Kuroda, T., "A catalogue of molluscan shells of Sado Island, Sea of Japan" 1 : 13-32, 1957

39 Noseworthy, R.G., "A Catalogue of the Mollusks of Jeju Island, South Korea" 한국패류학회 23 (23): 65-104, 2007