The process of creating of nation-states is the work of reorganizing the boundary of foreigners. In Japan, the Family Register Act of 1898 and the Nationality Act of the following year were enacted to manage the people as well as to create the nation-...
The process of creating of nation-states is the work of reorganizing the boundary of foreigners. In Japan, the Family Register Act of 1898 and the Nationality Act of the following year were enacted to manage the people as well as to create the nation-state. However, even before the enactment of the Nationality Act, the acquisition or loss of Japanese nationality was made in the establishment of the boundary and the inflow of foreigners.
In the early Meiji period, the work of administering the people of a country that has not signed treaties is carried out. This measure was identified as naturalization of foreign nationality, but was also understood as simply registering a list for foreigner’s management. This was revealed through the issue of jurisdiction with Russia over the residents of Karafuto, as a mixture and inconsistency of the concept of family register and nationality.
Before the enactment of the Nationality Act, naturalization of foreigners was allowed in the form of international marriage, which functioned as a ‘partial nationality law’ because of the naturalization by marriage rather than free will. Except for the acquisition of Japanese nationality by marriage, the naturalization of foreigners was not permitted due to legal deficiencies in principle. However, special permission for naturalization was granted in accordance with the circumstances at that time, such as Ogasawara residents, Chinese hired to explore the Hokkaido, and war collaborators during the Sino-Japanese War. This shows that Japan’s naturalization policy was more arbitrary and political than being promoted in the consistent goal of forging a national identity.