유럽의 사회적 모델과 유럽연합의 리스본전략

국문 초록 (Abstract)

신자유주의 세계화 추세 속에서 사회적 가치는 경제적 효율성을 위해 희생되어야 한다는 압박에 맞서 유럽연합은 사회적 가치를 중시하는 유럽의 사회적 모델을 지키고 경제성장과 사회통합을 동시에 구현하기 위해 리스본전략을 채택했다. 리스본 전략의 성패는 경제적 가치와 사회적 가치의 양립 가능성을 검증하는 바로미터가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 리스본 전략의 추진과정을 분석하고, 리스본전략의 성과를 평가하며, 리스본전략이 경제성장과 사회통합을 동시에 추구하는데 제약을 준 요인들을 규명한다.
리스본전략은 개별 회원국들의 정책결정 방식 및 정책 내용에 영향을 주었으며, 전반적으로 목표달성에 있어 ‘제한적 성공’을 거둔 것으로 평가되었다. 리스본 전략은 경제성장과 사회통합을 동시에 구현할 수 있음을 확인해 주었는데, 이론적으로는 세계화 수렴론에 비해 자본주의 다양성론이 설명적 우위를 지니고, 실천적으로는 미국의 시장주도 모델에 비해 유럽의 사회적 모델이 더 우월함을 입증하였다. 리스본전략이 기초한 스웨덴을 중심으로한 스칸디나비아모델이 경제적 성과와 사회적 성과에서 모두 수월성을 보여주었다는 점에서 향후에도 유럽의 사회적 모델의 전범으로서 역할하게 될 것으로 전망된다.
리스본전략이 제한적 성공에 그치게 된 것은 지식경제효과의 과대평가 및 공급중심 경제정책 등 리스본전략 자체의 문제점, 이념적 우경화 같은 유럽연합 추진 주체의 문제점, 구속력이 취약한 연성법 형태의 추진방법 한계, 과도한 자율성을 지닌 개별 회원국들의 실천 미흡, 경제위기의 부정적 영향 등에 따른 것이었다. 리스본전략의 경험은 사회통합이 경제성장에 기여한다는 점에서 사회정책 자체를 유럽의 사회적 모델의 최우선 과제로 설정할 것을 요구한다. 또한 개별회원국들은 스칸디나비아모델을 벤치마킹하되 사회경제적 조건의 차별성을 고려한 맥락적 벤치마킹을 할 것이 요구된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the midst of neoliberal globalization which pushs each country to sacrifice its commitment to social values on behalf of economic efficiency, the European union decided to promote the Lisbon strategy to defend the European social model and pursue both economic growth and social integration at the same time. The success or failure of the Lisbon strategy will tell whether economic values and social values could coexist or not. This study analyzes the process of the Lisbon strategy, evaluates its accomplishments, and clarifies the factors which prevented the Lisbon strategy from fully realizing both economic growth and social integration.
The Lisbon strategy influenced the decision-making process and contents of each EU member nation’s policies, and it is evaluated as ‘qualified success’ in realizing its objectives. The Lisbon strategy verified the proposition that economic growth and social integration can be actualized at the same time, implying theoretically that the variety of capitalism theory exerts more explanatory power than the globalization convergence theory and practically that the European social model is superior to the American market-led model. That’s why we could predict that the Scandinavian model, as the foundation of the European social model, will continue to be the standard of European social model.
The Lisbon strategy fell short of full success owing to the fallacies of the Lisbon strategy itself, the change of political composition of the EU governing bodies in pursuing the Lisbon strategy, the weakness of the open method of coordination, the lack of will on the part of member nations, and the negative effects of the economic crisis. The Lisbon strategy experience tells us that social policies should be given top priority for the European social model to realize economic growth and social integration, because social integration contributes to economic growth itself. To overcome the blind austerity policy package in the middle of economic crisis, active participation of social partners and social compromise is required. Moreover, in benchmarking the Scandinavian model, each nation should practice contextual benchmarking while taking into account country-specific socio-economic conditions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가는 말
• 2. 유럽의 사회적 모델과 리스본전략 추진
• 3. 리스본전략의 추진과정
• 4. 리스본전략의 영향 및 성과 평가
• 5. 리스본전략 성공의 제약요인 분석
• 6. 맺음말
• 도움 받은 글

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 안현효, "한국에서 신자유주의의 전개와 이론적 대안에 관한 검토" 한국사회경제학회 (35) : 237-282, 2010

2 이병천, "정글자본주의에서 복지자본주의로:복지-생산체제 혼합전략" 한국사회경제학회 37 (37): 121-168, 2011

3 신광영, "노동계급 형성과 노조운동 : 조돈문 지음, 『노동계급 형성과 민주노조운동의 사회학』(후마니타스, 2011)" 비판사회학회 (92) : 396-404, 2011

4 Rhodes, Martin, "‘Varieties of Capitalism’and the Political Economy of European Welfare States" 10 (10): 363-370, 2005

5 European Commission, "Working Together for Growth and Jobs: A New Start for the Lisbon Strategy" Commission of the European Communities 2005

6 Social Europe Journal, "What is the European Social Model?" 4 (4): 2008

7 Heyes, Jason, "Varieties of capitalism, neoliberalism and the economic crisis of 2008" 43 (43): 222-241, 2012

8 Hall, Peter, "Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage" Oxford University Press 2001

9 Aiginger, Karl, "Typologies of Social Models in Europe"

10 Rodrigues, Maria João, "Towards a sustainable European social model: key issues for policymaking, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 50-73, 2009

11 Zeitlin, Jonathan, "Towards a Stronger OMC in a More Social Europe 2020: A New Governance Architecture for EU Policy Coordination, In Changing European Employment and Walfare Regimes: The Influence of the Open Method of Coordination on National Reforms" Routledge 253-274, 2009

12 Hall, Peter A., "The evolution of varieties of capitalism in Europe, In Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, contradictions, and complementarities in the European Economy" Oxford University Press 39-85, 2007

13 Rodrigues, Maria João, "The economic governance of the Union and the quality of public finances: key issues for policy-making, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 91-101, 2009

14 Jepsen, Maria, "The concept of the ESM and supranational legitimacybuilding, In Unwrapping the European social model" Policy Press 25-45, 2006

15 Glyn, Andrew, "The Rise and Fall of the Golden Age, In The Golden Age of Capitalism: Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience" Clarendon 39-125, 1990

16 Zeitlin, Jonathan, "The Open Method of Coordiantion and reform of national social and employment policies: influences, mechanisms, effects, In Changing European Employment and Walfare Regimes: The Influence of the Open Method of Coordination on National Reforms" Routledge 214-245, 2009

17 Boyer, Robert, "The Lisbon Strategy: merits, difficulties and possible reforms, In Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 149-164, 2009

18 Natali, David, "The Lisbon Strategy, Europe 2020 and the Crisis in Between, In Europe 2020: Towards a More Social EU?" P.I.E. Peter Lang 93-114, 2010

19 Goetschy, Janine, "The Lisbon Strategy and social Europe: two closely linked destinies, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 74-90, 2009

20 Friedman, Thomas, "The Lexus and the Oliver Tree" Anchor Books 2000

21 Staab, Andreas, "The European Union Explained" Indiana University Press 2008

22 Rodrigues, Maria João, "The European Lisbon Agenda and national diversity: key issues for policymaking, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 133-148, 2009

23 Leschke, Janine, "On the marriage of flexibility and security: lessons from the Hartz reforms in Germany, In Flexicurity and Beyond: Finding a new agenda for the European social model" Djøf 335-364, 2007

24 Mailand, Mikkel, "North, South, East, West: the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in Denmark, the UK, Spain, and Poland, In Changing European Employment and Walfare Regimes: The Influence of the Open Method of Coordination on National Reforms" Routledge 154-172, 2009

25 "Nilsson, Veronica 면담"

26 Berger, Suzanne, "National Diversity and Global Capitalism" Cornell University Press 1996

27 Lipietz, Alain, "Mirages and Miracles : The Crises of Global Fordism" Verso 1987

28 "Leschke, Janine 면담"

29 "Janssen, Ronald 면담"

30 Serrano Pascual, Amparo, "Introduction, In Unwrapping the European social model(Bristol" Policy Press 1-23, 2006

31 Keohane, Robert, "Internationalization and Domistic Politics" Cambridge University Press 1996

32 Lehndorff, Steffen, "German capitalism and the European crisis: part of the solution or part of the problem?, In A triumph of failed ideas: European models of capitalism in the crisis" ETUI 79-102, 2012

33 "Galgóczi, Béla 면담"

34 Onkelinx, Laurette, "Foreword, In Europe 2020: Towards a More Social EU?" P.I.E. Peter Lang 11-12, 2010

35 Kok, Wim, "Facing the Challenge: The Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Employment" European Commission 2004

36 Mathieu, Catherine, "European social model(s) and social Europe"

37 Bosch, Gerhard, "European employment models in flux: pressures for change and prospects for survival and revitalization, In European Employment Models in Flux: A comparison of Institutional Change in Nine European Countries" Palgrave Macmillan 1-56, 2009

38 Rodrigues, Maria João, "Europe, globalization and the Lisbon Agenda: an introduction, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 1-19, 2009

39 Berghman, Jos, "Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda, In Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda" Edward Elgar 165-176, 2009

40 Stuchlik, Andrej, "Europe on the Way to a Social Union?: The EU Social Agenda in the Context of European Welfarism" Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 1-19, 2009

41 Lallement, Michel, "Europe and the economic crisis: forms of labour market adjustment and varieties of capitalism" 25 (25): 627-641, 2011

42 Frazer, Hugh, "Europe 2020: Towards a More Social EU" P.I.E. Peter Lang 13-44, 2010

43 Iversen, Torben, "Economic schocks and varieties of government responses, In Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, contradictions, and complementarities in the European Economy" Oxford University Press 278-304, 2007

44 Boyer, Robert, "Democracy and social democracy facing contemporary capitalisms: A《 régulationist》 approach" 1-36, 2008

45 Vanhercke, Bart, "Delivering the Goods for Europe 2020? The Social OMC’s, In Europe 2020: Towards a More Social EU?" P.I.E. Peter Lang 115-142, 2010

46 "Clauwaert, Stefan 면담"

47 Barbier, Jean-Claude, "Changes in political discourse from the Lisbon Strategy to Europe 2020: tracing the fate of‘ social policy’" ETUI 1-21, 2011

48 ETUI, "Benchmarking Working Europe 2012"

49 Magnusson, Lars, "After Lisbon: Social Europe at the crossroads?" ETUI 1-26, 2010

50 전창환, "1997년 한국의 외환·금융위기 이후 구조조정과 증권화" 한국사회과학연구회 (81) : 71-112, 2011