Probiotics, living organisms with health-promoting properties when ingested, have been extensively studied for their various functionalities, including antioxidative, anti- inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and anti-obesity effects. The purp...
Probiotics, living organisms with health-promoting properties when ingested, have been extensively studied for their various functionalities, including antioxidative, anti- inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and anti-obesity effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for improving oral health and respiratory health using lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Korean fermented kimchi.
Firstly, in previous studies, Weissella cibaria D29, D30, D31, and B22 were reported for their probiotic characteristics, as well as their antioxidative and anti- inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate th possibility of improving oral health by identifying whether the live cells and cell-free supernatant of hese four W. cibaria strains could exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects when exposed to three strains of cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans. W. cibaria live cells showed the ability to inhibit growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans through co-aggregation. Additionally, the cell-free supernatant of W. cibaria displayed an inhibitory and degradative effect on biofilm by suppressing the growth, insoluble exopolysaccharides formation, auto-aggregation, quorum sensing, and the expression of virulence factors in S. mutans. These effects were further investigated through scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Secondly, Levilactobacillus brevis KU15151 was reported in previous studies for its probiotic characteristics, antioxidative properties, and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells. This study aimed to explore the potential of heat-killed L. brevis KU15151 in improving respiratory health by identifying its antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects on LPS-induced A549 cells. Inactivated L. brevis KU15151 showed strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities and effectively reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, it was found to have an anti- inflammatory effect by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, p65, and IκB-α, which are involved in MAPK and NF-κB signaling. It also suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are significant factors in respiratory diseases.
This investigation has validated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of live cells and cell-free supernatants derived from four W. cibaria strains, estimating their mechanisms. It has also determined the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of heat-killed L. brevis KU15151 when applied to LPS-induced A549 cells. Therefore, it is expected that the four strains of W. cibaria and heat-killed L. brevis KU15151 can contribute to the enhancement of oral health and the improvement of respiratory health, respectively.