노인차별과 그 유형이 건강에 미치는 영향: 도시와 농촌지역 비교 = Types of Ageism and the Effect on Health: Comparisons of Urban and Rural Areas

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Based on the cultural change theory, this study aims to investigate four types of ageism experienced by elderly Koreans, focusing on the effect on physical and mental health. Data were taken from the 2013 Ageism and Health Study, a survey of 812 elderly Koreans, aged 60 to 89, recruited through a quota sampling method. Using factor analysis, ageism was classified into four types: stereotyping, ignoring, employment discrimination, and discrimination in health service use.  Results indicated that the most common form of ageism experienced by elderly Koreans was stereotyping. In particular, urban elderly were more likely to experience all four types of ageism than their rural counterparts. Regarding the health effects of each type of ageism, being ignored and discrimination in health service use were associated with depressive symptoms, while employment discrimination was significantly associated with high blood pressure, chronic diseases, and depressive symptoms. However, the impact of stereotyping discrimination on health was not statistically significant. These study findings imply that public health policy makers dealing with ageism should pay attention to the types of ageism. In future, longitudinal research is needed to reveal the causal links between the various types of ageism and their health effects.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

노인차별은 노년기 건강과 삶의 질의 저해 요인이다. 이 연구는 문화변화이론에 주목하여 우리나라 노인의 노인차별 경험을 유형화하고, 각 차별 유형과 신체적․정신적 건강과의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 할당(quota) 표본 방식을 적용하여 서울시 노인복지관 중 5개 구와 충북 G군 노인정을 중심으로 성별, 연령별, 지역별 조사를 실시하였으며, 60-89세의 노인 812명을 조사한 자료를 분석하였다. 탐색적 요인분석을 통하여 노인차별의 영역을 고정관념, 무시, 고용, 의료이용 차별로 분류하였다. 분석 결과, 한국노인은 각 차별 영역 중 고정관념 차별을 가장 많이 보고하였으며, 의료서비스 이용에서의 차별경험을 가장 낮게 보고하였다. 특히, 대도시에 거주하는 노인이 농촌지역의 노인에 비하여 전 영역에서 유의미하게 높은 노인차별 경험을 보고하였다. 각 차별 유형과 건강수준과의 연관성을 분석한 결과, 무시차별은 우울증상, 고용차별은 고혈압, 만성질환 및 우울증상, 의료이용에서의 차별은 주관적 건강수준 및 우울증상과 유의미하게 높은 연관성을 보였다. 그러나 고정관념 차별은 신체적, 정신적 건강과 연관성이 없었다. 이 연구결과는 노인차별 유형별 건강 위험요인에 관련된 정책적 관심과, 향후 각 노인차별 유형과 건강영향의 인과관계를 밝히는 종단연구의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

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