21세기 생명정치와 시민권의 변동 = 글리벡 정체성의 탄생

국문 초록 (Abstract)

생명공학이 낳을 사회변동을 둘러싼 논쟁이 가열되는 상황에서 사회학은 주변적인 위치에 머물러 있었다. 이 글은 생명공학이 사회와 상호 작용하면서 특히 시민권의 구조 변동과 어떻게 연결될 수 있는지를 살핌으로써 이런 상황을 극복할 단초를 모색한다. 먼저 이 글은 생명공학이 낳은 새로운 지식과 그 실천이 근대적 시민권의 변화와 어떻게 관계를 맺는지를 이론적으로 규명한다. 그리고 이런 생명공학과 시민권의 상호 작용을 2000년대 초반 백혈병 환자의 새로운 주체화 과정을 통해서 고찰한다. 백혈병 환자는 생명공학이 낳은 신약 글리벡을 매개로 과거와는 다른 새로운 정체성(글리벡 정체성)에 따른 새로운 주체로 거듭났다. 그리고 이 새로운 주체는 글리벡 시판 촉구 운동, 글리벡 약값 인하 운동, 더 나아가 한국의 환자 자조 운동과 국민건강보험 보장성 강화 운동의 모태가 되었다. 한국이라는 지역적 맥락에서 등장한 이런 백혈병 환자의 사례는 생물학적 시민권 개념의 유용성과 한계를 짚는 계기를 제공한다. 또 이런 맥락화된 생물학적 시민권은 생명공학과 사회변동을 둘러싼 경험 연구의 바람직한 방향을 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

While debates on social change engendered by the development of biotechnologies have escalated, sociology’s contribution has relatively been marginal. This article, by examining how biotechnologies interact with society and thereby contribute to structural changes of citizenship in particular, attempts to overcome this shortcoming in sociology. First of all, this article theoretically illuminates the relationship between new knowledges and practices of biotechnologies, and the change in modern citizenship. This interaction between biotechnologies and citizenship is then exemplified in the process of the subjectification of leukemia patients in the early 2000s in Korea. The leukemia patients were born-again as new subjects with new identity(the ‘Gleevec identity’), through the mediation of the new biomedicine ‘Gleevec’. These new subjects became the main force that drove the movements for the sales facilitation of Gleevec, for the markdown of Gleevec, for self-help, and for the expansion of coverage of the national health insurance. The leukemia patients’ movements in the social context of Korea become a case on which the concept of the biological citizenship can be reflected. This situated biological citizen also reveals a clue for further empirical studies on the relationship between biotechnologies and social change.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가며
• 2. 생명공학과 시민권
• 3. ‘글리벡 정체성’의 탄생
• 4. 글리벡 정체성의 강화와 생물학적 시민권의 탄생
• 5. 맥락화된 생물학적 시민권
• 6. 나가며
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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