WTO農業協定의 國內補助金에 관한 硏究 : 直接支拂制를 中心으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

일반적으로 통용되는 보조금은 공산품을 포함하는 광의의 개념이지만 이 논문에서 말하는 보조금은 농업협정문상의 보조금이므로 농업보조금에 한정한다. WTO 농업협정문에서는 보조금 규정을 수출보조금과 국내보조금으로 구분하여 규정하였는데 국내보조에 대해서는 support라는 용어를 사용하여 상품에 대한 subsidy와는 구분하려는 의도를 보이는데 이는 과거 GATT 제16조 3항의 해석에 있어서 상품에 대한 보조금의 개념이 모호해, 사실상 농산물에 대한 보조금을 허용하는 의미로 차용되었던 결과를 반영한 것으로 보인다. (법무부,「우루과이 라운드 규정해설」, 1994,84-85p
순식량 수입국인 우리나라의 경우 수출보조금에 대한 문제는 큰 의미가 없으므로 이 논문에서는 국내보조금의 문제와 그 활용방안을 주로 다루고자 한다.
다만 GATT체제에서의 보조금분쟁이 국내보조금과 수출보조금이 연동되어 발생하였으므로 보조금분쟁과 각국의 보조금정책을 다룬 제2장에서는 수출보조금에 대한 GATT상의 규정과 분쟁사례도 살펴보았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Exporting countries strongly asserted the abolition of agriculture
support and protection measure at the minsters conference for the
start of a new round held in Seattle. Therefore, it is expected that
the suuport issue will be the biggest one among the agenda of
WTO agriculture negotiation. The reduction of domestic support
under WTO discipline will give serious effect on the income
decrease of farmers in Korea and will also threaten Korean
domestic food security.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to look into the
domestic support regulations by WTO agriculture agreement and
to seek legal countermeasures there in.
So this study first looked into the cause of the domestic support
issue. There were many exemption regulations under GATT
discipline in consideration of the non-trade characteristics of
agriculture. Individual nations has paid supports such as export
support and made their support policies through legislation in order
to protect their farmers and agriculture. Their payments of excessive suuports distorted the agricultural trade order causing
lots of trade disputes. But GATT failed to effectively regulate
such disputes and disorder due to its vague regulations and its
defective dispute-resolving procedures.
Thus the agriculture agreement, established through several
multi-national negotiations classified the domestic support into
Green Box and Amber Box, and regulated the trade-distorting
domestic support to be reduced by year including it in AMS.
However, the payment of domestic support, which does not affect
agricultural production or does not distort trade, is allowed. Its
typical method is the direct payment.
Regarding the drastic income decrease of farmers by the
reduction of support, WTO agriculture agreement acknowledges the
support, which abide by certain concerned regulations, to be
lawful. This can be an alternative for Korea, which is facing two
needs, advancement toward free economy and agriculture
protection, to take.
Major nations are positively utilizing the direct payment program
by revising their domestic laws. U.S.A turned the payment by
shortage, its conventional price-support policy, to the producers by
Production Flexibility Contract, the direct payment through the
legislation of agriculture law in 1996, and EU is also extending its
direct payment to the producers under regional assistance
program. Korea, too, is implementing the direct payment under
environmental program and the direct payment program under
management transfer program by legislating its WTO regulation
performance law.
The comparison of the direct payment program of WTO
agriculture agreement with the direct payment of Korean WTO regulations performance law shows that the Korean program being
implemented is the decoupled income support, support for producer
retirement, structural adjustment assistance, support for natural
disaster, support for environmental protection and investment
support for restructuring, and the Korean program yet not
implemented is the direct payment under production limitation,
support for retired farmers, support for income stabilization and
support for conditionally disadvantageous regions.
The direct payment under production limiting programmes is not
suitable to Korea, but the direct payment programmes for income
compensation is discussed to seek ways to actively utilize the
production-neutral income support under WTO regulations.
Of course, there is possibility of trade dispute, but the direction,
which is in harmony with WTO regulations, must be sought out.
It seems that the gradual advancement of free trade in the
agricultural trade is inevitable in the future agricultural
negotiations, too. Therefore, the support policy must be turned into
the direct payment program of Green Box and its scope must be
positively expanded within such regulations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第 1 章 序論 1
• 第 1 節 연구의 목적 1
• 第 2 節 연구의 범위와 방법 3
• 第 2 章 GATT에서의 農業補助金 6
• 第 1 節 GATT에서의 농업관련규정 6
• 1. GATT에서의 농업의 특수성과 규범력의 한계 6
• 2. GATT의 법적결함 7
• 第 2 節 GATT에서의 농업보조금 분쟁사례 12
• 1. 프랑스의 밀.밀가루 수출보조금 14
• 2. EU의 설탕 수출상환금 16
• 3. EU의 유지종자 보조금 18
• 第 3 節 GATT에서의 주요국가의 관행과 입법 21
• 1. 美國 21
• 2. EU 24
• 3. 日本 27
• 第 4 節 GATT체제의 한계와 우루과이 라운드 29
• 第 3 章 WTO 農業協定上의 國內補助金規定 32
• 第 1 節 WTO 농업협정 개관 32
• 第 2 節 감축대상보조금 33
• 1. 보조금감축의 수단 및 원칙 33
• 2. 총보조액측정치에서 제외되는 감축대상보조금 38
• 第 3 節 허용대상보조금 40
• 1. 의의 40
• 2. 유형 41
• 第 4 節 국내보조금규정에 관한 평가 47
• 1. 국내보조금규정의 문제점 47
• 2. 국내보조금 이행에 관한 평가 50
• 第 4 章 WTO 體制下 許容補助金으로서의 直接支拂制度 53
• 第 1 節 직접지불제 개관 53
• 1. 의의 53
• 2. 유형 56
• 第 2 節 주요국의 직접지불제 입법현황 58
• 1. 美國 58
• 2. EU 64
• 3. 日本 68
• 第 3 節 우리나라의 직접지불제 71
• 1. 직접지불제 관련법률 71
• 2. WTO농업협정과 WTO협정의이행에관한특별법의 비교 74
• 3. 직접지불제 활용을 위한 법제도 확충방안 80
• 第 5 章 結論 86
• 第 1 節 요약과 제언 86
• 第 2 節 차기 농업협상의 전망과 대응 88
• 參考文獻 91
• ABSTRACT 96