공무상 비밀누설에 대한 형사처분 동향과 그 함의에 대한 비판적 고찰 = A Critical Review of the Trends and Implications of Criminal Punishment for the Leakage of Official Secrets

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of official secrets leakage cases and the trends in judicial rulings through the use of actual judgments. In order to achieve this goal, a full investigation was conducted on the results of first trials, which were indicted on charges of leaking confidential information for the past three years. The analysis results are as follows: First, the proportion of suspensions of imposition of sentence was very high. Second, the proportion of confidential leaks by incumbent police officers was quite high. Third, in 2020, cases of leakage of confirmed COVID-19 patients occurred one after another, and all officials who have leaked were suspended from imposition of sentences. Fourth, there were many cases in which secret leakage and other serious crimes(e.g., bribery) were indicted in a single case.
Based on these results, I would like to present the following policy proposals. First, it is necessary to raise the statutory sentence of Article 127 of the Criminal Act and to introduce fines as optional penalty. Second, raising awareness through security education for members at police stations and local governments is essential. Third, more serious sanctions should be imposed in the future on the premise that judges change their perspective on public official secret leakages.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 중앙일보, "화성시의원, 코로나 확진자 정보 SNS에 올려 논란"

2 신동운, "형법각론" 법문사 2018

3 이재상, "형법각론" 박영사 2019

4 "헌법재판소 2002. 8. 29. 선고 2001헌마788, 2002헌마173(병합)"

5 "헌법재판소 1992. 2. 25. 선고 89헌가104"

6 중앙일보, "코로나19 주민정보 누설한 군청 공무원들… 검찰, 재판에 넘겨"

7 조선일보, "창원서 코로나 확진자 가족 5명 신상 담긴 보고서 유출"

8 영남일보, "영천署 코로나 관련 개인신상 정보유출 혐의 공무원-시의원-민간인 등 3～4명 기소의견 송치 전망"

9 이존걸, "선고유예제도의 현황과 활성화를 위한 정비방안" 한국법학회 19 (19): 401-418, 2019

10 이장욱, "산업기술 침해에 따른 형사제재의 실태 및 개선방안 : 형사판례를 중심으로" 동국대학교 경찰사법대학원 2014

11 법원행정처, "사법연감" 법원행정처 2020

12 법무부, "범죄백서" 법무연수원 2020

13 법무부, "독일형법" 법무부 2008

14 "대법원 1997. 7. 16., 선고, 97도985"

15 "대법원 1981. 7. 28. 선고 81도1172"

16 정준오, "국가안보를 위한 국가비밀보호 개선 방향 연구" (사) 한국전략문제연구소 26 (26): 345-380, 2019

17 최정수, "국가기밀의 개념" 법학연구원 35 (35): 97-126, 2011

18 김호정, "국가기밀과 「공공기관의 정보공개에 관한 법률」 상의 정보공개" 법학연구소 40 (40): 1-19, 2016

19 김종철, "관리적 보안 관점에서 경찰 내부정보 유출방지 연구" 한국경찰학회 20 (20): 91-130, 2018

20 조선일보, "경찰 보고문서가 맘카페에?… 부산서 또 확진자 신상 유출"

21 정세종, "개인정보보호법 위반 사범 수사를 위한 법리적 검토 및 제언 - 개인정보 불법제공 및 누설을 중심으로 -" 한국공안행정학회 29 (29): 231-254, 2020

22 연합뉴스, "‘대전 도안신도시 개발비리’ 공무원ㆍ교수 모두 징역형"

23 Pozen, D. E., "The mosaic theory, national security, and the freedom of information act" 115 : 628-679, 2005

24 Maer, L., "Official Secrecy, Parliament and Constitution Centre" House of Commons Library 2008

25 Mulligan, S. P., "Criminal Prohibitions on Leaks and Other Disclosures of Classified Defense Information" 2017

26 Wells, C. E., "CIA v. Sims: Mosaic theory and government attitude" 58 : 845-879, 2006

27 Barlett, G., "Briefing Paper: The Official Secrets Acts and Official Secrecy" House of Commons Library 2017

28 아주경제, "ADD 68만건 기밀 유출...집유 남발 솜방망이 처벌이 원인"