A history of China

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 자료제공 :
• Series Editor’s Preface xi
  Preface xv
  Acknowledgments xix
  List of Illustrations xxi
  List of Maps xxv
  A Note on Romanization xxvi
  
  PART I CHINA AMONG “BARBARIANS” 1
  1 - Early History, to 1027 BCE 3
  Land and Settlement 3
  Early Mankind 5
  Agricultural Revolution in the Neolithic Era 6
  Xia: The First Dynasty? 12
  The Shang and the Origins of Chinese Civilization 16
  Oracle Bones 17 Ritual Objects as Historical Sources 19
  Shang Society 21
  Notes 23
  Further Reading 24
  
  2 - Classical China, 1027–256 BCE 25
  “Feudalism”? 25
  Changes in Social Structure 31
  Political Instability in the Eastern Zhou 31
  Transformations in the Economy 35
  Hundred Schools of Thought 36
  Daoism 38
  Popular Religions 41
  Confucianism 42
  Mohism 48
  Legalism 50
  Book of Odes and Book of Documents 53
  Secularization of Arts 56
  Notes and Further Reading 57
  
  3 - The First Chinese Empires, 221 BCE–220 CE 59
  Development of the Qin State 61
  Qin Achievements 63
  Failures of the Qin 66
  Han and New Institutions 70
  Han Foreign Relations 73
  Emperor Wu’s Domestic Policies and Their Ramifications 78
  Wang Mang: Reformer or Usurper? 81
  Restoration of a Weaker Han Dynasty 82
  Spiritual and Philosophical Developments in the Han 86
  Han Literature and Art 89
  Further Reading 96
  
  4 - Chaos and Religious and Political Responses, 220–581 97
  Three Kingdoms 97
  Rise of South China 100 Foreigners and North China 102
  Northern Wei 104
  Spiritual Developments, Post-Han 109
  Buddhism Enters China 110
  Literature, Science, and the Arts in a Period of Division 116
  Notes and Further Reading 121
  
  PART II CHINA AMONG EQUALS 123
  
  5 - Restoration of Empire under Sui and Tang, 581–907 125
  Sui: First Step in Restoration 127
  Disastrous Foreign Campaigns 132
  Origins of the Tang 133
  Taizong: The Greatest Tang Emperor 135
  Tang Expansionism 137
  Irregular Successions and the Empress Wu 139
  Tang Cosmopolitanism 142
  Arrival of Foreign Religions 144
  Glorious Tang Arts 151
  Decline of the Tang 153
  Tang Faces Rebellions 157
  Uyghur Empire and Tang 158
  Tang’s Continuing Decline 160
  Suppression of Buddhism 162
  Final Collapse 164
  Efflorescence of Tang Culture 166
  Notes and Further Reading 171
  
  6 - Post-Tang Society and the Glorious Song, 907–1279 173
  Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 173
  Song: A Lesser Empire 177
  A New Song Elite 179
  Neo-Confucianism: A New Philosophy 182
  Attempts at Reform 183
  Women and the Song 188
  The Khitans and the Liao Dynasty 190
  Expansion of Khitan Territory 192
  Preservation of Khitan Identity 192
  Fall of the Liao 194
  Xia and Jin: Two Foreign Dynasties 195
  Song Arts 197
  Southern Song Economic and Cultural Sophistication and Political Instability 202
  Notes and Further Reading 206
  
  PART III CHINA AND THE MONGOL WORLD 209
  
  7 - Mongol Rule in China, 1234–1368 211
  Rise of Chinggis Khan 213
  Legacy of Chinggis Khan 215
  Expansion and Early Rule of Empire 215
  Sorghaghtani Beki, Möngke, and Khubilai 217
  Unification of China 218
  Khubilai’s Policies 219
  Multiethnic and Multireligious China 220
  Khubilai and Chinese Culture 222
  Decline of the Yuan 226
  Legacy of the Mongols 229
  Notes and Further Reading 231
  
  8 - Ming: Isolationism and Involvement in the World, 1368–1644 233
  A More Powerful State 236
  Opening to the Outside World 240
  A Costly Failure 244 Conspicuous Consumption 245
  Arts in the Ming 246 Neo-Confucianism: School of the Mind 251
  A Few Unorthodox Thinkers 253 Ming Literature 254
  Buddhism: New Developments 258
  Social Development and Material Culture 259
  Violence in the Sixteenth Century 261
  Fall of the Ming Dynasty 263
  Further Reading 267
  
  PART IV CHINA IN GLOBAL HISTORY 269
  
  9 - Early Qing: A Manchu Dynasty, 1644–1860 271
  Preserving Manchu Identity 275
  Kangxi and the Height of the Qing 275
  Western Arrival 276 Jesuits in China 278
  Expansion of China 280 Qing Cultural Developments 284
  Qing Faces Economic Problems 287 Stirrings of Discontent 289
  The Western Challenge 290
  Opium Wars 293
  Explanations for the Decline of the Qing 298
  Further Reading 299
  
  10 - Late Qing, 1860–1911 301
  Nian and Other Minor Rebellions 302
  Taiping Rebellion 303
  Other Rebellions 307
  Foreign Threats 311
  Differing Court Responses to Challenges 313
  Antiforeign Acts and Foreign Reactions 317
  Losses in Southwest China 319
  Japan Emerges 320
  Sino–Japanese Conflict 321
  Scramble for Concessions and US Response 323
  China Humiliated and the Reformers 324
  Boxer Movement 326
  Court Reforms 329
  Fall of the Qing 331
  Notes and Further Reading 332
  
  11 - The Republican Period, 1911–1949 333
  The 1911 Revolution and Its Aftermath 335
  Warlords in Power 337
  The May Fourth Movement and Intellectuals in the Post-First World War Period 340
  Communist Party 343
  Rise of Chiang Kai-shek 346
  Guomindang Dominance 349
  Communist Party Revival 354
  Long March and Aftermath 356
  The Sino–Japanese War 358
  The Pacific War, the Communists, and the Guomindang 361
  Civil War in China 364
  Further Reading 366
  
  12 - The Communist Era in China, 1949 Onwards 369
  Early Pacification of Border Areas 371
  Early Foreign Relations 374
  Recovery from Wars 376
  Cracks in the Communist World 380
  Great Leap Forward 382
  Return to Pragmatism 385
  An Isolated China 386
  Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 387
  China Reopens Its Doors 390
  Dramatic Changes and Modernization 395
  Tiananmen Disturbance of 1989 and Its Aftermath 398
  The Present Status of China 403
  Further Reading 412
  Index 413