This paper intends to examine the relationship between Nature (性) and Artifice(僞) in Xunzi's thesis of human nature by re-examining the relationship between Aristotle's Physis and Nomos. During the Warring States period when Xunzi was active, disc...
This paper intends to examine the relationship between Nature (性) and Artifice(僞) in Xunzi's thesis of human nature by re-examining the relationship between Aristotle's Physis and Nomos. During the Warring States period when Xunzi was active, discussions focused on whether it was good or evil in terms of 'human nature' in relation to morality. Although this exclusive method of distinction was a mainstream issue at the time, I tried to point out that, in fact, this dichotomy did not reveal Xunzi's thoughts well.
Xunzi is well known for the Xing'e, but there is an aspect that the human nature is not fixed and unchanging, but is formed by changing. Strictly speaking, Xunzi's nature is the tendency to flow into evil. From this point of view, it should not be overlooked that Xunzi's nature also coexists with the possibility of generating moral standards. As a possibility, it can be pointed out the 'ability of discrimination' given only to humans and natural emotions that are the basis of moral norms.
At the same time, in the West, discussions on human morality developed without sticking to the issue of 'good' or 'evil'. It breaks away from the exclusive classification of human nature as 'good' or 'evil' and approaches it more realistically. Paying attention to this point, when re-reading Xunzi's Xing’e, I would like to clarify that the relationship between Nature (性) and Artifice (僞) in Xunzi is not completely contradictory, and that courtesy corresponding to artifice is an extension of nature. In this way, I think that reinterpreting Xunzi's theory of human nature would be more in line with Xunzi's original intention. After examining the duality of human nature in Xunzi, based on this, I discussed the relationship between Aristotle's Physis and Nomos and the corresponding aspect.