『뜻대로 하세요』(As You Like It)의 반목가주의

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pastoral is a kind of poetry which admires and misses beautiful and rustic life in the pastoral place. Pastoral describes the place as an Arcadia or an ideal place in the Golden Age, so pastoralism aims at this pastoral place. Pastoralism is well known to Elizabethan people by means of the pastoral, and it developed into pastoral play. The general structure of pastoral play is the cyclical one of the from the city to nature and back to the city again. The characters in pastoral plays usually undergo a change in the green world(nature) and return to the normal world(city), as Northrop Frye said. We can also find this structure in Shakespeare's works such as Love's Labor's Lost, Two Gentleman of Verona, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and The Tempest. Shakespeare's involvement with pastoral reflects a pervasive Elizabethan preoccupation with shepherds and shepherdesses. And he made the audience get in touch with his works easily using this structure.
But the pastoral place in Shakespeare's works, especially in Two Gentleman of Verona and As You Like It, is different from that of other pastoral plays. In these works, the pastoral place is not an ideal place but a place of hard and laborious life. Furthermore, there are also urban rules in the country. In Two Gentleman of Verona, people who are vanished from the society are bandits. But their life in the mountains also has a class system, so it is an alternative society. In As You Like It, the pastoral place as nature itself is more noticeable. As You Like It is a play with Arden as its setting. However, Arden is not an ideal place as in the Golden Age but has harsh winter and fearful lions and snakes as does nature itself. The vanished Duke Senior and his Lords hunt deers in Arden, so Jaques criticizes them as tyrants who are worse than usurpers. Jaques's moral criticism, which links the killing of the deer with usurpation and tyranny, indicates that the forest is not completely divorced from the reality of the urban spectacle. Jaques links city, court and pastoral forest together by his criticism.
Shakespeare shows in this play that there are also pain, killing, and the inequalities of a class system in the pastoral place. In fact, As You Like It is against pastoralism, so I will call it 'anti-pastoralism'. Anti-pastoralism characterizes the pastoral place as not an ideal place but a real and worldly place. Shakespeare expresses that the pastoral idea in the Elizabethan age is artificial and fabricated. Anti-pastoralism also satirizes pastoralism which has taken the place in scenes of ancient heroism. So, Touchstone satirizes Corin's pastoral life and Jaques criticizes Duke Senior's speech about pastoral life. In addition, Touchstone loves Audrey only for his sexual desire. Other characters, and Arden itself, as well as Touchstone and Jaques, also express anti-pastoralism well. Arden, while mentioned as an ideal place, is also described as a mere natural place. Therefore, the characters and settings in this play express anti-pastoralism.
Shakespeare criticizes and satirizes pastoralism by his own way. Aside from his comedy, he also satirizes Petrarchan love conventions in his Sonnets. His Sonnets is a kind of Petrarchan parody which loves and admires whores and young male noble-men. Likewise, Shakespeare makes his plays and Sonnets criticize and satirize other works by his own way. As You Like It expresses these criticism and satire very well as anti-pastoralism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 4
• Ⅱ. 본론 = 16
• 1. 전임공작(Duke Senior)을 통해서 본 반목가주의 = 16
• 2. 제이키즈(Jaques)와 터치스톤(Touchstone)을 통해서 본 반목가주의 = 25
• 3. 아든(Arden) 숲의 반목가주의 = 50
• Ⅲ. 결론 = 71
• Works Cited = 76
• Abstract = 80