역사를 통해 본 스웨덴 기업문화의 특징

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sweden is one of the three fingers of Scandinavia, located between Norway and Finland. There are thousands of islands lining the coast, and mountains form much of the northwest. Sweden is dotted with lakes, and more than half of the country is forested. The population of Sweden is 8.8 million. At least 85% of the people are ethnic Swedes. A small, indigenous minority (approximately 15,000), the Sami, lives in the North. Sweden`s late Industrial Revolution in the early 1900s contributed to its swift rise from poverty to prosperity. The country already established solid educational and transportation systems that supported industrialization. There was also money for expansion into new industries because of Sweden`s valuable timber and iron that were in great demand in Europe. Sweden had discovered early that a partnership of private and public interests was the best combination for both achieving economic success and benefiting as many people as possible. The evolution into a social democratic system had started. The six fundamental values of Swedish social democracy: equality, freedom, democracy, solidarity, security, and efficiency. The form of democracy in Sweden is often called the Swedish model and sometimes human capitalism, and it relies heavily on the close collaboration between business, government, and labor. The Swedish word `lagom` is key to understanding the rationale behind social democracy. `Lagom` is untranslatable but essentially means middle way and reasonable. The summer home, stuga is a place to go for solitude and quiet individualism. It brings into focus most of the important values in Sweden, including equality. The Swedes` love and respect for nature is a strongly held value. Swedish companies, especially the larger ones, are able to draw on some extraordinary qualities of leadership: For example, Peter Gyllenhammer of Volvo, Ingvar Kamprad of IKEA, Percy Barnevik of Asea Brown Boveri, Bjorn Svedberg of L. M. Ericsson, Jan Carlzon of SAS, Allan Larson of the Labor Market Board, Bo Ekman of the aptly named Holen Group, Antonin Johnson of A. Johnson, Curt Nicolin, head of the Employer`s Federation, and many others. Swedish leaders are extremely broad in their interests and their education. Their vital contribution of business to Swedish society is at the top of their agendas, and this contribution goes far beyond economics. One important test of leadership is readiness to delegate. For Swedes, the information necessary to improving the work process is widely distributed through group. We see again how Swedes identify their work with the highest cultural institutions in the land and feel themselves part of these.

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