어슐러 K. 르귄의 『어둠의 왼손』에서 현실의 확장 = World-Extension in Ursula K. Le Guin`s The Left Hand of Darkness

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Fredric Jameson criticizes that Le Guin`s The Left Hand of Darkness simplifies the real world by erasing its historicity and presenting a world of androgyny. However, a group of feminist critiques depreciates the SF fiction as insufficiently feminist or even patriarchical because every homogeneous Gethenian in this fiction is called male pronoun ‘he.’ The feminist critics also point out that Le Guin reduces our real world to a sexual-distinction-dominated terrain by sex-typing Karhide as female, Orgoreyn as male, and Gobrin Ice Sheet as androgynous. The feminist critics are likely to agree to share Jameson`s terminology ‘world-reduction’ when they downplay The Left Hand of Darkness as non-feminist utopian fiction. As much as The Left Hand of Darkness reflects Lao Tzu`s socio-political practicality, however, it promotes world-extension rather than reduces the reality of our own world. For Le Guin suggests an alternative society where many kinds of discrimination are eliminated, along with Lao Tzu who proposes a non-authoritative communal state by practicing the Taoist politics of non-action. After reading The Left Hand of Darkness, now, the implied reader is supposed to extend his or her own view of world as s/he combines the two world-views, real and imagined. Besides, Le Guin`s Taoism-rooted world-view of interdependence complements the westerner`s hierarchical dualism involving conflict and collision, which results in a generic extension of the reader`s world-view.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 왕필, "왕필의 노자주" 한길사 2005

2 최진석, "동양의 고전을 읽는다 2" 휴머니스트 19-34, 2010

3 김종미, "동양의 고전을 읽는다 2" 휴머니스트 191-206, 2010

4 이권, "노자의 여성성" (창간) : 31-52, 2001

5 Klein, Gérard, "Ursula K. Le Guin" 85-98,

6 Scholes, Robert, "Ursula K. Le Guin" 35-46,

7 Rabkin, Eric S., "Ursula K. Le Guin" 155-170,

8 Jameson, Fredric, "Ursula K. Le Guin" 57-70,

9 Brown, Barbara, "Ursula K. Le Guin" 225-234,

10 Bloom, Harold, "Ursula K. Le Guin" Chelsea House 1987

11 Bloom, Harold, "Ursula K. Le Guin" 1-10,

12 Bain, Dena C., "Ursula K. Le Guin" 211-224,

13 de Beauvoir, Simone, "The Second Sex" Gallimard 2009

14 Le Guin, Ursula, "The Left Hand of Darkness" Walker and Company 1994

15 Le Guin, Ursula, "The Left Hand of Darkness" Ace Books 1976

16 Wendell, Carolyn, "The Alien Species: A Study of Women Characters in the Nebula Award Winners, 1965-1973" 20 (20): 343-354, 1979

17 Marcellino, Willaim, "Shadows to Walk: Ursula Le Guin’s Transgressions in Utopia" 32 (32): 203-213, 2009

18 Mellor, Annek, "On Feminist Utopias" 9 : 241-262, 1982

19 Ruby, Kathy, "Ethics, Reproduction, Utopia: Gender and Childbearing in Woman on the Edge of Time and The Left Hand of Darkness" 46 : 22-39, 2001

20 Magarey, Susan, "Dreams and Desires: Four 1970s Feminist Visions of Utopia" 22 (22): 325-342, 2007

21 Jameson, Fredric, "Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions" Verso 2005

22 김영주, "<그림 성인지도와 치세지도>에 의한 노자사상의 새로운 해석" 동양사회사상학회 (22) : 81-115, 2010