As a currently spotlighted method for cancer treatment, cancer immunotherapy has made a lot of progress in recent years. Among tremendous cancer immunotherapy boosters available nowadays, drug delivery using nanoparticle is actively being studied.
Tol...
As a currently spotlighted method for cancer treatment, cancer immunotherapy has made a lot of progress in recent years. Among tremendous cancer immunotherapy boosters available nowadays, drug delivery using nanoparticle is actively being studied.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were specifically selected, because of their effective activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and macrophages. We classify and summarize the recently reported delivery strategies using (1) exogenous TLR agonists to maintain the biological and physiological signaling activities of cargo agonists, (2) usage of multiple TLR agonists for synergistic immune responses, and (3) co-delivery using the combination with other immunomodulators or stimulants.
Peptide-nanoparticle conjugates have been investigated as an alternative to commercially available antibody products for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy due to (1) the small size of the peptide and its excellent modularity and (2) increased therapeutic effects resulting from multivalency when peptides conjugate to the nanoparticle surface. We developed surface-functionalized nanoparticles called quantum dots (QDs) using PD-1 binding peptides for efficient ICB therapy, particularly via the activation of an immune synapse between NK cells and target breast cancer cells. The peptide-functionalized QDs effectively enhanced the anticancer effect of NK cells by strongly associated with the corresponding surface receptors on NK cells, and successful imaging of NK cells using the fluorescence properties of the QDs. Consequently, peptide-functionalized QDs could be an ICB therapy-based immunotherapy strategy that used for cell imaging and tracking as well as improving the anticancer effect of NK cells.
Overall, this study presents nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies on represent of TLR agonist, and suggests strategies for activating NK cells and cell surface modification using enhanced ICB treatments through peptide-functionalized QDs.