Development Assistance and Geopolitics in Australia-China-Taiwan Relations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The development assistance programs of Australia, China and Taiwan impact each other’s geopolitical interests in the South Pacific region. This “aid triangle” has recently undergone a significant transformation. Previously, the interests of Australia and China aligned in competing against Taiwan for political influence in the region. However, since 2008, China-Taiwan relations have warmed and their aid contest in the South Pacific has been largely put on hold. This has ameliorated Taiwan’s conflict with Australia, and the two countries have increased their development assistance cooperation. However, China’s role in undermining Australia’s policy towards Fiji, and the global deterioration in China’s relations with a US coalition (including Australia), have potentially increased the competitive aspects of the Sino-Australian side of the triangle.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. INTRODUCTION
• II. THE AID TRIANGLE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• III. “TROUBLEMAKER”TAIWAN
• IV. MA YING-JEOU’S “DIPLOMATIC TRUCE”
• V. THE TRUCE FROM CHINA’S POINT OF VIEW
• VI. GROWING AUSTRALIA-CHINA FRICTION?
• VII. CONTENDING CONCEPTIONS OF AID
• VIII. COMPETITION FOR INFLUENCE?
• IX. LOOKING AHEAD
• REFERENCES
• ENDNOTES

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 MFA., "Wang Yang Meets with Foreign Officials Attending Second China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development and Cooperation Forum" Government of the People’s Republic of China

2 Zamiska, Nicholas, "Treasure Islands: China and Taiwan Spar over Friends in Small Places" Wall Street Journal

3 Yasutami, Shimomura, "The Rise of Asian Donors: Japan’s Impact on the Evolution of Emerging Donors" Routledge 114-132, 2013

4 Shino, Watanabe., "The Rise of Asian Donors: Japan’s Impact on the Evolution of Emerging Donors" Routledge 87-113, 2013

5 Winters, Matthew S., "The Obstacles to Foreign Aid Harmonization : Lessons from Decentralization Support in Indonesia" 47 : 316-341, 2012

6 Cabestan, Jean Pierre., "The New Détente in the Taiwan Strait and Its Impact on Taiwan’s Security and Future : More Questions than Answers" 3 : 22-33, 2010

7 Ghosh, Anirban, "The Money Trail : Ranking Donor Transparency in Foreign Aid" 39 (39): 1918-1929, 2011

8 Bräutigam, Deborah., "The Dragon’s Gift: the Real Story of China in Africa" Oxford University Press 2009

9 Petersen, Elizabeth., "The Catch in Trading Fishing Access for Foreign Aid" 27 : 219-228, 2003

10 Lee, Wei-chin., "Taiwan’s Poltics in the 21st Century: Changes and Challenges" World Scientific 227-264, 2010

11 Government of Fiji., "Statement by H. E. Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China" 2012

12 Dziedzic, Stephen., "Rudd Announces Foreign Aid Overhaul" Aus tralian Broadcasting Corporation

13 DFAT., "Republic of Nauru Country Brief"

14 Sullivan, Jonathan, "Representing China in the South Pacific" 29 (29): 377-390, 2012

15 Fry, Gregory E., "Regionalism and International Politics of the South Paci-fic" 54 (54): 455-484, 1981

16 Nelson, Hank., "Paul Hasluck in Australian History:Civic Personality and Public Life" Qld University of Queensland Press 152-169, 1998

17 Wang, Chris., "Ma’s Approval Rating Plunges to 9.2 Percent" Taipei Times

18 Pacnews., "Marshall Islands expects reprimand from Taipei over diplomatic spat at the Forum Leaders meeting" Island Business

19 Yang, Jian., "Looking North, Looking South: China, Taiwan, and the South Pacific" World Scientific 259-282, 2010

20 Saunders, Phillip C., "Looking North, Looking South: China, Taiwan, and the South Pacific" World Scientific 227-258, 2010

21 Hanson, Fergus., "Looking North, Looking South: China, Taiwan and South Pacific" World Scientific 83-112, 2010

22 Liu Xiaoming., "Liu Xiaoming: Zhonguo Waijiao Youge Shijie Meng" Political China

23 Tarte, Sandra., "Japan’s Pacific Islands Diplomacy at a Crossroads" 2012

24 Tarte, Sandra., "Japan’s Foreign Aid: Old Continuities and New Directions" Routledge 235-252, 2005

25 Olson, James S., "Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, 2" Greenwood Press 1996

26 Werker, E., "Handbook of Safeguarding Global Financial Stability" Academic Press 47-57, 2013

27 Slatter, Claire., "Globalisation and Governance in the Pacific ISlands" Australian National University E-Press 23-42, 2006

28 MOFA., "Foreign Policy Report" Republic of China (Taiwan) Government 2010

29 Australian Government, "Foreign Minister’s Trilateral Meeting: Joint statement:Senator the Hon. Bob Carr, Ratu Inoke Kubuabola" The Hon Murray McCully

30 Dietrich, Simone., "Donor Political Economies and Foreign Aid Delivery. Research Frontiers in Foreign Aid" Princeton University 2013

31 Breuning, Marijke, "Donor Characteristics and the Dispersion of Foreign Assistance" 40 (40): 249-268, 2003

32 Australian Government, "Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century:Force 2030" Commonwealth of Australia 2009

33 Australian Government, "Defence White Paper 2013" Commonwealth of Australia 2013

34 Zhang Lu, "Daguo Zhoubian Zhanlue Zhong de Aodaliya:Dazhoubian Zhanlue Linian yu Waijiao Mouhua de Xintansuo" 2 : 40-45, 2007

35 Yeh, Joseph., "Control Yuan impeaches ex-envoy to Fiji for graft" The China Post

36 Ford, Peter., "Clinton to Cook Islands: US cares (more than China).Christian Science Monitor"

37 Quinn, Andrew, "Clinton says China Seeks to Outflank Exxon in Papua New Guinea" Reuters

38 Cheng, Guangjin., "Clinton Visit Raises Concerns" China Daily

39 Varrall, Merriden., "Chinese Views on China’s Role in International Development Assistance" 86 (86): 233-256, 2013

40 Chase, Michael S., "Chinese Suspicion and US Intentions" 53 (53): 133-150, 2011

41 Pearlman, Jonathan., "China’s ‘Chequebook Diplomacy’ in Fiji Under Fire" Sydney Morning Herald

42 Pomfret, James, "China’s Xi says Political Solution for Taiwan Can’t Wait Forever" Reuters

43 Powles, Michael., "China’s Rise: A Pacific View" Asia New Zealand Foundation

44 Wesley-Smith, Terence., "China’s Rise in Oceania : Issues and Perspectives" 86 (86): 351-372, 2013

45 Atkinson, Joel., "China–Taiwan Diplomatic Competition and the Pacific Islands" 23 (23): 407-427, 2010

46 Sasako, Alfred, "China offers" Solomon Star

47 Tarte, Sandra., "China in Oceania: Reshaping the Pacific?" Berghahn Books 118-132, 2010

48 Yang, Jian., "China in Fiji: Displacing Traditional Players?" 65 (65): 305-321, 2011

49 Zhang, Yongjin., "China and the Emerging Regional Order in the South Pacific" 61 (61): 367-381, 2007

50 Buckley, Chris., "China Takes Aim at Western Ideas" New York Times

51 Kerin, John., "Carr softens line on secretive Chinese aid"

52 Koeberle, Stefan, "Budget Support as More Effective Aid?: Recent Experiences and Emerging Lessons" The World Bank 2006

53 Atkinson, Joel., "Big Trouble in Little Chinatown : Australia, Taiwan and the April 2006 Post-Election Riot in Solomon Islands" 82 (82): 47-65, 2009

54 Hayward-Jones, Jenny., "Big Enough for All of Us: Geo-strategic Competition in the Pacific Islands" Lowy Institute for International Policy 2013

55 Davis, Graham., "Better than this? Bainimarama Blames Rudd’s ‘Pacific Neglect’ for Regional Power Vacuum"

56 Atkinson, Joel., "Australian Support for an Independent Taiwan Prior to the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China" 57 (57): 68-85, 2011

57 Atkinson, Joel., "Australia and Taiwan: Bilateral Relations" Brill 2013

58 Coutts, Geraldine., "Australia Secret Cabinet Papers Revealed" Australian Broadcasting Corporation

59 Filer, Colin., "Asian Investment in the Rural Industries of Papua New Guinea:What’s New and What’s Not?" 86 (86): 305-326, 2013

60 Sato, Jin, "An Institutional Analysis of Foreign Aid in Cambodia" JICA Research Institute 2010

61 Atkinson, Joel., "Aid in Taiwan’s Foreign Policy: Putting Ma Ying-jeou’s Aid Reforms in Historical Perspective" 27 (27): 409-431, 2014

62 WikiLeaks., "09BEIJING383: Australia and New Zealand Demarche PRC on Fiji Visit"

63 WikiLeaks., "09BEIJING1679: PRC/South Pacific: International Isolation of Regime in Fiji an Opportunity for China"

64 Wikileaks., "08CANBERRA59: Rudd’s Foreign Policy-An Overview"