나자프 하우자의 교육체계와 정치적 역할 연구 = Hawza 'Ilmiyyah's Educational System and Its Political Role

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research studies on the Shi'i religious establishment in Najaf, Iraq, called Hawza 'Ilmiyyah. The Hawza of Najaf is the oldest one in the Shi'ite world in Islamic history. This study focusing on the historical circumstances, such as where religious instruction takes place, how established of the Hawza, study hours, learning languages, official breaks and vacations, the curriculum, the process of level-up, teaching methods and treatment, and especially the relationship between teacher and students. Through these, the study intend to shed light on the political role playes by the hawza in Najaf, specially post-Saddam Hussein.
Consequently, the researcher insists on the three points. One, Hawza was founded because it had met the political requirements on the historical process. Two, educational system helps to inherit the spirit of Shi'ism, and Mujtahids from hawza influence muqallids for social and political matters. Three, Iraqi Shi'ite religious leaders and Shi'ite parties has dominance in the political field of new Iraq, and the source of the power origins from Hawza, Najaf.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 하우자 설립과 교육 체계
• Ⅲ. 나자프 하우자의 정치적 역할
• Ⅳ. 결론
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 황병하, "이라크 쉬아파의 형성과정과 종교적·사회적 특성 연구- 19세기 아랍 부족의 쉬아파 개종을 중심으로 -" 한국중동학회 24 (24): 15-43, 2003

2 Al-Gharawi, Muhammad, "al-Hawzat al-'ilmiyya fi al-Najaf al-Ashraf" Dar al-adwa 1994

3 Foreign Affairs, "The Struggle to Succeed Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani"

4 Jabar. Faleh A., "The Shi'ite Movement in Iraq" Saqi Books 2003

5 Nakash, Yitzhak, "The Shi'is of Iraq" Princeton University 2003

6 Arjmand.S.A., "The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam" University of Chicago Press 1984

7 Keddie.N., "The Roots of the Ulama’s Power in Modern Iran" University of California Press 1972

8 Algar.H, "The Roots of the Islamic Revolution" Open Press 1983

9 Marr, Phebe, "The Modern History of Iraq" Westview Press 2008

10 남옥정, "The Historical Adaptability of the Shi’ite Movement in Iraq: The Case of the Islamic Da’wa Party and SCIRI" HUFS 2012

11 Kadhim. Abbas, "The Hawza and Its Role in Post-War Iraq"

12 Khalaji, Mehdi, "The Future of the Marjayia" The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

13 Moussavi, Ahmad Kazemi, "The Establishment of the position of Marja'iyyat-i Taqlid in the Twelver Shi'i Community" (1) : 89-, 1985

14 "The Encyclopaedia of Islam"

15 Nakash, Yitzhak, "The Conversion of Iraq's Tribes to Shi'ism" 26 (26): 448-468, 1994

16 Litvak, Muhammad, "Teachers and Students in Najaf and Karbala during the 19th Century, In Madrasa: Education, Religion and State in the Middle East" Tel Aviv University, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies 1998

17 "Sahafat al-Najaf al-ashuraf 1910-1973"

18 NY Times, "Iran Presses for Official to Be Next Leader of Shiites"

19 Sindawi, Khalid, "Hawza Instruction and Its Role in Shaping Modern Shi'ite Identity: The Hawzas of al-Najaf and Qum as a Case Study" 48 (48): 831-856, 2007

20 Ta’ala. Bismihi, "Hawza Curriculum"

21 Amanat, Abbas, "From ijtihad to wilayat-i faqih: The Evolving of the Shi’ite Legal Authority to Political Power" 2 (2): 1-15, 2003

22 Almonitor., "Could Sistani Be Iraq’s Last Hope?"

23 Litvak, Muhammad, "Continuity and Change in the Ulama Population of Najaf and Karala, 1791-1904: A Socio-Demographic Study" 23 : 31-60, 1990

24 Gleave. Robert, "Conceptions of Authority in Iraq Shi’ism: Baqir al-Hakim, Ha’iri and Sistani on Ijtihad, Taqlid and Marja’iyya" 24 (24): 24-59, 2007

25 Aljazeera, "Cleric urges Iraq poll neutrality"

26 Momen, Moojan, "An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism" Yale University Press 1985

27 Al-Salihi, "Al-Hawzat al-'ilmiyyafi al-aqtar al-islamiyya" Bayt al-'ilm lil-nabihin 2004

28 Cowan. J.Milton, "A dictionary of modern written Arabic:(Arabic-Eng)" Harrassowitz 1980