심전도 기반 사용자 인증 시스템의 인증 속도 및 효율성 개선을 위한 시퀀스 투 시퀀스 구조의 비전 트랜스포머 = Sequence-to-sequence Vision Transformer for Improving Authentication Speed and Efficiency in ECG-Based User Authentication Systems

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to improve the authentication speed and efficiency of user authentication based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. ECG signals are unique to each individual and are difficult to replicate and manipulate, making them a promising candidate for new authentication methods. However, compared to fingerprints, iris, and facial recognition, ECG-based authentication has the inconvenience of requiring longer measurement times for acquiring the necessary ECG signals. To address these challenges, we developed a novel approach that integrates a sequence-to-sequence Transformer architecture with the Vision Transformer (ViT) model to achieve enhanced authentication speed and efficiency. The Sequence-to-Sequence structure allows input ECG signals to be processed in short patches by the transformer model, enabling real-time analysis of electrocardiogram signals. In addition, we employed masking techniques to tokenized input patches, enabling the model to authenticate early even when only partial ECG signals are available. The model’s performance at a sequence length of 3 is as follows: accuracy 98.8%, precision 100%, recall 97.62%, and F1-score 98.8%. We expect that by inputting three bits of the measured electrocardiogram signals into the proposed model, it will be able to authenticate users quickly and accurately.