Attention to Maeul Mandelgie, which means community making with trust, is rising sharply as self-reflection on the government and market-driven development policies is gaining momentum. But it is true that discussion on values that must be pursued by ...
Attention to Maeul Mandelgie, which means community making with trust, is rising sharply as self-reflection on the government and market-driven development policies is gaining momentum. But it is true that discussion on values that must be pursued by Maeul Mandelgie and its evaluation criteria are insufficient. Thus, this study aims to present policy options through which a communitarian perspective is realized in Maeul Mandelgie project.
In order to achieve this objective, the theoretical review, delphi survey, and case study have been conducted. The theoretical study has been performed focusing on communitarian perspective and Maeul Mandelgie, and has drawn out 'participation, interaction, and consensus building' as components of communitarian perspective. The delphi survey has been conducted on experts in Maeul Mandelgie to judge the appropriateness of components. In the delphi survey, the possibility of universal participation, voluntary participation, and degree of participation were selected as sub-components of participation, trust building and the type of leaders were selected as sub-components of interaction, and deliberation process and the principle of reciprocity were selected as sub-components of consensus building. The objects of the case study were selected by considering a project's sustainability and representativeness, and an analysis was conducted on the basis of literature, media materials and in-depth interviews. As 'participation, interaction and consensus building' could take on different characteristics depending on the project owner, project types are classified into residents-led type (Busan Mulmangol Community), residents․external support type (Daegu SamDeok-dong Maeul Mandelgie), the administration-led․resident participatory type (Daejeon Rainbow Project), and resident․external support․the administration mixed type (Gwangju Sihwa Culture Village).
From the communitarian perspective, the results of case analysis are as follows. In terms of participation, Busan Mulmangol Community and Gwangju Sihwa Culture Village cases showed positive aspects when it comes to the possibility of universal participation, voluntary participation and the degree of participation. Residents in Busan Mulmangol Community conducted self-organized activities in the process of coping with external pressure, and residents in Gwangju Sihwa Culture Village developed Maeul Mandelgie into urban planning with the administration's support and participation of outside specialists.
In terms of interaction, sustainability of Maeul Mandelgie laid the basis for trust building but the administration's development plan or individuals' desire for development acted as a factor that undermines trust. Regarding the type of leaders, the leaders of Daejeon Rainbow Project exhibited directive leadership behavior, whereas leaders in other cases exhibited developmental leadership behavior. Developmental leadership behavior induced the decision-making process to be shared with residents and enabled residents to solve the problems in the community on their own.
In terms of consensus building, when issues that are heavily influenced by individual's interest such as property rights arose, the principle of reciprocity turned out to be difficult to apply, whereas if the direction of Maeul Mandelgie was determined during the deliberation process, conflicts stemming from project implementation occurred less frequently and the project's continuity could be secured.
In sum, this study has some policy implications. First, it is important for residents to continue to conduct activities on their own and have the experience of finding the type of project suitable for their village. This is also a process intended to secure independence and sustainability of Maeul Mandelgie.
Second, it is necessary to prepare a spatial hub where village activities can continue. The spatial hub plays an important role in focusing on and expanding competence of the community.
Third, the direction of Maeul Mandelgie must be determined via agreement with residents. Maeul Mandelgie that does not obtain residents' consent can hardly secure legitimacy and can not entice their participation nor earn their trust.
Finally, the role of the administration is important in Maeul Mandelgie. Support given by the adminstration must be within a range where autonomy and responsibility of the project owner are guaranteed and the administration's development plan must not hinder the building and maintenance of community.