Abstract
The Influencing Factors on Turnover Intention of Mental Health Welfare Center Workers
Mihwa Lee
(Advisor : Prof. Jeongyee Bae, Ph.D)
Department of Nursing
Graduate School, Inje University
Objective : Due to demanding work responsibilities,...
Abstract
The Influencing Factors on Turnover Intention of Mental Health Welfare Center Workers
Mihwa Lee
(Advisor : Prof. Jeongyee Bae, Ph.D)
Department of Nursing
Graduate School, Inje University
Objective : Due to demanding work responsibilities, work environment, and job instability, the average employment duration of workers at mental health welfare centers is 3 years, which is much shorter than the average of 6.1 years for salaried workers in South Korea. Therefore, in order to supply effective mental health services, it is necessary to manage this job turnover rate. The objective of this research is to determine factors that influence the turnover intentions of workers at local mental health welfare centers and provide basic information for achieving interventions and effective job performance tailored towards local situations through preventing and managing job turnover.
Method : As descriptive correlational research, this study investigated 161 employees of 16 mental health welfare centers located in Busan, Ulsan, and South Gyeongsang Province in South Korea from October 21, 2019 to November 30, 2019. A structured questionnaire based on turnover intention, emotional labor, burn out, and job insecurity was used by four research tools. The collected materials were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis to analyze materials according to the goal of the research.
Results : Our research results were as follows.
1. The majority of our research subjects 122(75.8%) were women. The average age of the subjects was 30.63(±6.04). The job position of the majority of the subjects 135(83.9%) was team members . Moreover, 94
(58.4%) of subjects worked as mental health social workers and their average monthly salary was 243.45(±54.78) 10,000 Korean Won. Additionally, 106(65.8%) of subjects were unmarried and 131(81.4%) had a university degree. The average duration a subject had worked at mental health facilities was 4.29(±5.13) years, and the average duration of the subjects’ current position was 2.6(±3.44) years.
2. The mean level of turnover intention among the subjects was 14.52(4.45), and the question mean score was 2.90(0.89) out of a 1∼5 range. The mean score for emotional labor was 26.13(5.03), and the question average score was 2.90(0.55) out of a range of 1∼5. The level of burn out was a mean of 51.05(9.64) with a mean of 2.32(.043) out of a range of 1∼5. The level of job insecurity was a mean of 21.25(4.72), with a mean of 2.65(0.59) out of 1∼5 range.
3. Analysis of the difference in the level of turnover intention according to the general characteristics of subjects showed that the level of turnover intention was significantly higher for those who had worked for a total of over three years and under five years than for those who had worked under one year (F=3.37,p=.020), and also significantly higher for those who had worked a total of three years or more than for those who had worked under one year (F=7.13, p=.001).
4. Our analysis results concerning the relationship between emotional labor, burn out, and job insecurity, which are the variables related to turnover intention among respondents, are as follows. There was a significant positive correlation between turnover intention and the variables of emotional labor (r=.44, p<.001), burn out (r=.43, p<.001), and job insecurity (r=.38, p<.001). Moreover, emotional labor displayed a significant positive correlation to burn out (r=.53, p<.001), job insecurity (r=.36, p<.001). burn out showed a significant positive correlation with job insecurity (r=.27, p<.001).
5. Factors affecting turnover intentions of employees working in mental health welfare centers are emotional labor (β=.19, p=.014), burn out (β=.27, p=.001), job insecurity (β=.21, p=.003), and the total period of employment at the current workplace (β=.19, p=.039). The explanatory power of turnover intentions associated with these factors accounted for 35.3%.
Conclusion: This study showed a significant positive correlation between turnover intentions of employees in the mental health welfare centers and the three factors of emotional labor, burn out, and job insecurity. Further analysis showed that emotional labor, burn out, job insecurity, and the total period of employment at the current workplace were the factors that affect turnover intentions. Therefore, in order to reduce the employee turnover rate, there should be interventions including improving the working environment to reduce emotional labor and burn out and developing policies for employment stability.
Key Words : Community Mental Health Centers, Turnover, Emotion, Burn out, Employment Insecurity