How the West came to rule : the geopolitical origins of capitalism

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of figures = x
• Acknowledgements = xi
• Introduction = 1
• The Problem of Eurocentrism = 4
• Confronting the Problematic of Sociohistorical Difference = 5
• What is Capitalism? = 8
• What Is Geopolitics? = 10
• 1 The Transition Debate : Theories and Critique = 13
• Introduction = 13
• The 'Commercialisation Model' Revisited : World-Systems Analysis and the Transition to Capitalism = 14
• The Making of the Modern World-System : The Wallerstein Thesis = 14
• The Problem of Eurocentrism = 16
• The Problem of Historical Specificity = 19
• The Spatiotemporal Limits of Political Marxism = 22
• The Brenner Thesis : Explanation and Critique = 22
• The Geopolitical in the Making of Capitalism = 27
• The Political Marxist Conception of Capitalism = 29
• The Problematic of Sociohistorical Difference : Postcolonial Studies Engaging Capital = 32
• The Eurocentrism of Historicism = 33
• The Violence of Abstraction = 36
• The Lacuna of Postcolonial Theory = 39
• Conclusion = 41
• 2 Rethinking the Origins of Capitalism : The Theory of Uneven and Combined Development = 43
• Introduction = 43
• The Theory of Uneven and Combined Development : Exposition and Critiques = 44
• Unevenness = 44
• Combination = 48
• Seeing Through a Prism Darkly? Uneven and Combined Development beyond the Eurocentric Gaze = 54
• Trotsky beyond Trotsky? Uneven and Combined Development before Capitalism = 57
• More Questions than Answers : Method, Abstraction and Historicity in Marx's Thought = 58
• Modes of Production Versus Uneven and Combined Development? A False Antithesis = 61
• Conclusion : Towards an 'Internationalist Historiography' of Capitalism = 63
• 3 The Long Thirteenth Century : Structural Crisis, Conjunctural Catastrophe = 64
• Introduction = 64
• Pax Mongolica as a Vector of Uneven and Combined Development = 67
• The Nomadic Mode of Production and Uneven and Combined Development = 67
• The World-Historical Significance of the Mongol Empire = 71
• Trade, Commerce, and Socio-Economic Development under the Pax Mongolica = 73
• Apocalypse Then : The Black Death and the Crisis of Feudalism = 77
• Class Struggle and the Changing Balance of Class Forces in Europe = 79
• Peasant Differentiation in the Age of the Black Death = 81
• Development of the Productive Forces = 85
• Conclusion = 87
• 4 The Ottoman-Habsburg Rivalry over the Long Sixteenth Century = 91
• Introduction = 91
• Unevenness : A Clash of Social Reproduction = 94
• Ottoman-European Relations = 94
• The Tributary and Feudal Modes of Production : Unevenness Combined = 96
• Ottoman 'Penalties of Progressiveness' - European 'Privileges of Backwardness' = 104
• Combination : Pax Ottomana and European Trade = 106
• The Ottoman 'Whip of External Necessity' = 107
• The Breakdown of Christendom = 111
• The Ottoman Blockade and the Emergence of the Atlantic = 115
• The Ottoman Buffer and English Primitive Accumulation = 116
• Conclusion : The Ottoman Empire as a Vector of Uneven and Combined Development = 119
• 5 The Atlantic Sources of European Capitalism, Territorial Sovereignty and the Modern Self = 121
• Introduction = 121
• Imagining Europe in the Atlantic Mirror : Rethinking the Territorialised Sovereign, Self and Other = 123
• Tearing Down the Ideological Walls of Christendom : From Sacred to Secular Universalism in the Construction of the European Self and Non-European Other = 123
• Legitimising Colonialism : The Historical Sociological Foundations of Eurocentrism = 126
• Culture Wars in the Americas = 129
• The Colonial Origins of the Modern Territorialised States System = 134
• 1492 in the History of Uneven and Combined Development = 141
• The Smithian Moment : American Treasures and So-Called Primitive Accumulation = 142
• Sublating the Smithian Moment : From Smith to Marx via 'the International' = 146
• Primitive Accumulation Proper : From 'Simple' to 'Expanded' Reproduction = 148
• The Uneven and Combined Development of Plantation Slavery = 152
• The Sociological Unevenness of the Atlantic = 153
• Sociological Combination in the Plantation System = 158
• New World Slavery and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism = 162
• Contributions to the Sphere of Circulation = 163
• Contributions to the Sphere of Production = 166
• Conclusion : Colonies, Merchants and the Transition to Capitalism = 168
• 6 The 'Classical' Bourgeois Revolutions in the History of Uneven and Combined Development = 174
• Introduction = 174
• The Concept of Bourgeois Revolution = 177
• Reconceptualising Bourgeois Revolutions : A Consequentialist Approach = 177
• Reconstructing Consequentialism through Uneven and Combined Development = 179
• The Origins of Capitalism and the Bourgeois Revolution in the Low Countries = 180
• The Rise of Dutch Capitalism : An International Perspective = 180
• The Making of the Dutch Revolt = 185
• The English Revolution in the History of Uneven and Combined Development = 190
• Rediscovering the English Revolution = 190
• Social Forces in the Making of the British Revolution = 193
• 1789 in the History of Uneven and Combined Development = 198
• Peculiarities of the French Revolution? = 198
• Capitalism and the Absolutist State in France = 199
• The Origins of the Capitalist Revolution in France = 205
• Capitalist Consequences of the French Revolution = 210
• Conclusion = 213
• 7 Combined Encounters : Dutch Colonisation in Southeast Asia and the Contradictions of 'Free Labour' = 215
• Introduction = 215
• The Specificity and Limits of Dutch Capitalism = 222
• Dutch Institutional Innovations = 222
• The Limits of Dutch 'Domestic' Capitalism = 225
• Unevenness and Combination in the Pre-Colonial Indian Ocean Littoral = 228
• The Intersocietal System of the Indian Ocean = 228
• South Asia beyond the Eurocentric Gaze = 230
• The Dutch Encounter : A Policy of Combination = 231
• The Specificities and 'Success' of Dutch Strategies of Integration and Domination in Southeast Asia = 231
• The Moluccas = 235
• The Banda Islands = 238
• Indian Textiles = 240
• Conclusion = 242
• 8 Origins of the Great Divergence over the Longue Durée : Rethinking the 'Rise of the West' = 245
• Introduction = 245
• Rethinking the 'Rise of the West' : Advances and Impasses in the Revisionist Challenge = 247
• Points of Agreement : European 'Backwardness' and the Role of the Colonies = 247
• Late and Lucky : Contingences, the Eurasian Homogeneity Thesis, and the Great Divergence = 248
• Structure and Conjuncture in the 'Rise of the West' = 251
• The Geopolitical Competition Model and Its Limits = 251
• Feudalism, Merchants, and the European States System in the Transition to Capitalism = 254
• Unevenness Combined : North-South Interactions in the 'Rise of the West' = 258
• The Conjunctural Moment of 'Overtaking' : Britain's Colonisation of India = 261
• The Significance of India's Colonisation to the 'Rise of the West' = 261
• The Mughal Empire and the Tributary Mode of Production = 263
• The Imperial Revenue System and Agricultural Decline in the Mughal Empire = 265
• European Trade and Colonial Conquest : Towards 1757 = 269
• Conclusion = 272
• Conclusion = 274
• Notes = 283
• Index = 371