화학물질 유출사고를 대비한 오염퇴적토의 펜톤산화처리 연구 = A Study on Fenton Oxidation Treatment of Contaminated Sediment for Chemical Accident

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the recent development of the chemical industry and the growing dependence of other industries on the chemical industry, the use and transportation of chemicals also steady rise. So, the number of chemical accidents that occur during the handling or transportation of chemicals has been risen. When chemical accidents occur, a portion of chemicals are released into the atmosphere by volatility and non-volatile chemicals flow into water systems or soil environments. Released hazardous chemicals can cause pollution in the ecosystem, especially hazardous chemicals that residue in sediment can’t be treated using the chemical accident response manual so far. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a treatment technique for residual hazardous chemicals in sediment after chemical accident. Using Fenton oxidation degradation of hazardous organic materials contaminated sediment was evaluated in this study. Bisphenol A(BPA) and Nitrobenzene(NB) were selected as model compounds, and sediment dredged from HyungSan river was used as a model sediment for artificial contamination. Adsorption and desorption studies showed that both BPA and NB have residual properties on sediment. Experimental conditions include the presence of contaminants in the aqueous solution, the presence of NAPL in the aqueous solution, the presence of contaminants on the sediment and aqueous solution, and contamination on the sediment with the presence of NAPL. Decomposition studies were performed in the presence of salt at sea water level assuming the occurrence of a chemical accident in sea, and the tendency of the degradation of the target substance to the elapsed time after the occurrence of the chemical accident was also studied. Both target substances could be decomposed about 95% within 10 minutes when dissolved in water, and with 2~20 mM of H2O2 and 0.5~4 mM ferrous iron or more could be decomposed within 30 minutes if they were in NAPL state. If salt existed in the aqueous phase at 30 g/L similar to sea water conditions, the decomposition efficiency was reduced to about 52% by chlorine ions, and when NaCl decreased to 3 g/L and 0.3 g/L, the decomposition efficiency was reduced by about 37% and 20%. In sediment, 95% or more could be decomposed within 10 minutes when the target is in dissolved state, and 90% or more of the target compounds could be decomposed within 30 minutes as they exist in NAPL. Furthermore, the decomposition efficiency of the target material tends to decrease as the elapsed time other the chemical accident increases. As a result of decomposition using a scale-up reactor about 20 L, BPA showed a decomposition efficiency of approximately 90% within 30 minutes and NB within 60 minutes. In addition, the results of the daphinia magna ecological toxicity test before and after the Fenton oxidation for contaminated sediment showed that both BPA and NB had a toxic reduction rate of 100 percent and a daphinia magna survival rate of 90 percent or more. Therefore, we can conclude that contaminated sediment dredged in the event of a chemical accident can be treated quickly with chemical oxidation process and harmless could be achieved the oxidation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1 화학사고 1
• 1.1.1 화학산업 유통 및 취급의 중요성 1
• 1.1.2 화학사고의 발생 및 대응 2
• 1.1.3 화학사고 발생 시 오염물질의 환경 중 거동 7
• 1.2 유해화학물질의 관리 및 처리 기술 9
• 1.2.1 생물학적 처리 9
• 1.2.2 물리적 처리 11
• 1.2.3 화학적 처리 13
• 1.2.4 펜톤산화반응 17
• 1.3 대상 물질 20
• 1.3.1 비스페놀A 20
• 1.3.2 니트로벤젠 24
• 2. 실험 및 방법 27
• 2.1 시약 및 재료 27
• 2.2 분석 및 기기조건 28
• 2.2.1 퇴적토 성상 분석을 위한 전처리 28
• 2.2.2 퇴적토의 물리·화학적 특성 분석 31
• 2.2.3 대상 물질의 농도 분석 32
• 2.3 실험 방법 33
• 2.3.1 퇴적토 잔류성 평가 33
• 2.3.2 회분식 실험을 통한 대상 물질의 펜톤산화분해 35
• 2.3.3 현장적용성 평가를 위한 파일럿 테스트 40
• 2.3.4 오염퇴적토의 무해화를 위한 생태독성 평가 43
• 3. 결과 및 토론 45
• 3.1 퇴적토에 대한 대상 물질의 잔류성 45
• 3.2 회분식 실험을 통한 액상의 대상 물질 펜톤산화분해 48
• 3.2.1 용해상태의 대상 물질 48
• 3.2.2 NAPL상태의 대상 물질 55
• 3.3 회분식 실험을 통한 퇴적토 상의 대상 물질 펜톤산화분해 60
• 3.3.1 용해상태의 대상 물질 60
• 3.3.2 잔류시간에 따른 대상 물질 73
• 3.3.3 NAPL상태의 대상 물질 76
• 3.4 현장적용성 평가를 위한 파일럿 테스트 81
• 3.5 펜톤산화처리된 오염퇴적토의 생태독성 평가 84
• 4. 결론 86
• 4.1 액상 내 용해상태의 비스페놀A, 니트로벤젠 펜톤산화분해 87
• 4.2 액상 내 NAPL상태의 비스페놀A, 니트로벤젠 펜톤산화분해 87
• 4.3 퇴적토 내 용해상태의 비스페놀A, 니트로벤젠 펜톤산화분해 88
• 4.4 액상 내 NAPL상태의 비스페놀A, 니트로벤젠 펜톤산화분해 88
• 4.5 Scale-up 반응기를 이용한 파일럿 테스트 88
• 참고문헌 90
• 요약 106