타락하지 않는 상징으로서의 영웅성: <다크 나이트 라이즈>와 <더 배트맨> 비교 연구 = Heroism as an Incorruptible Symbol: A Comparative Study of The Dark Knight Rises and The Batman

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines how The Dark Knight Rises and The Batman construct ‘incorruptible heroism’ not as a stable moral trait of an individual but as a symbolic function produced under conditions of social anxiety, political distrust, and death-consciousness. In both films, Gotham is first sustained by compromised hero-images so that the narrative begins with the collapse of false heroism and the ensuing crisis of legitimacy. Against this backdrop, Batman’s ‘incorruptibility’ emerges precisely through exposure to failure, coercion, and the temptation to become what he fights. Drawing on existential and philosophical frameworks alongside Ernest Becker’s account of death anxiety and transference, this article argues that the films dramatize heroism as a modern mythic response to finitude. In The Dark Knight Rises, Bruce Wayne’s defeat and imprisonment force a renewed encounter with fear. His return culminates in self-sacrifice that separates the mortal Bruce from the immortal ‘Batman’ symbol, preventing the idolization of a fallible human and preserving the emblem as a communal ideal. In The Batman, by contrast, incorruptibility is staged as ethical recalibration: Bruce recognizes how ‘vengeance’ can be appropriated and reproduced by others, and he redirects the symbol from punitive terror to public care. The flood sequence crystallizes this shift as Batman becomes a guide and protector rather than an instrument of fear. Through comparative close reading, this article shows that both films reaffirm the cultural need for a heroic sign capable of outlasting corruption. Nolan emphasizes sacrificial myth and the institutionalization of memory, while Reeves foregrounds the re-signification of the hero amid contemporary cynicism and moral ambiguity.