문인화(文人畵)의 도가미학적(道家美學的) 고찰(考察) = A Study on the Taoistic Aesthetics of Literati Paintings

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Literati paintings, that aim at painting the spirit, intend to be based on painters`` extensive personalities and vital force of ease. Therefore, a painter``s will precedes the brush. Moreover, literati paintings don``t have any restrictions about the subjects, but their favorite subjects are nature. In addition, literati combine poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal engraving and intend to express their high-degree boundary of mind through watered ink. Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism influenced each other in the frame of East Asian thoughts, and it had effects on arts and became the philosophical background of literati paintings. Among them, Taoistic philosophy aimed at the liberty following the Way of nature. Chuang Tzu succeeded Lao Tzu``s thought of the naturalness with taking no action. Furthermore, he abundantly developed the contents of arts and aesthetics. Chuang Tzu regarded that people needed self-cultivation such as purifying the mind and sitting oblivion similar to Lao Tzu``s thought of cleaning the profound mirror if they attained the absolute aesthetic stage of the naturalness with taking no action. The core of Taoism that is related to arts and aesthetics is to contain the wandering which is the spiritual stage for the Way of the naturalness with taking no action and the absolute liberty. The aesthetic consciousness that Taoistic aesthetics aims at can provide solace of spirit and mind for people. Also, it can be divided into three; the consciousness that the greatest skill seems clumsy for the naturalness with taking no action, the consciousness of being beyond the shape for forgetting the shape after attaining the will and the consciousness of vital force of ease for breaking free from the rules. Taoistic aesthetic consciousness appeared in literati paintings through the aesthetic action and the creating process. The artistic features can be categorized into three; the beauty of plainness and simplicity for that the greatest skill seems clumsy, the beauty of serenity and frankness for Xiaosanjianyuan and the beauty of vital force of ease for breaking free from laws and secularity. Eventually, literati paintings can be elegant when the artistic features emerge profoundly and harmoniously.