독일 바이마르공화국 시기의 평화운동과 평화주의 - ‘조직적 평화주의’에서 ‘급진적 평화주의’로 = Peace Movement during the Weimar Republic: From ‘organisational pacifism’ to ‘radical pacifism’

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to find out the factors why the peace movement during the Weimar Republic failed to play a proper role against the emergence of fascism by analyzing the activities of the German Peace Society, the largest organization at the time. After World War I, the anti-war protests spread greatly and the number of members of the Society also increased significantly. Especially the Society, which had been led by a few prominent figures before the war, was now transformed into an mass organization, in which a lot of workers were recruited. Based on these new organizational changes, the “radical pacifism” has emerged. However, moderate “organizational pacifism” and “radical pacifism” clashed over many political hot issues like the Treaty of Versailles, Prussian Militarism, and Refusal of Conscription and eventually split at the end of the republic. This fragmented German Peace Society became more politically isolated and eventually failed to resist the rise of fascism.