沙翁動詞論 = On Shakespeare's Verbs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, I attempt to illustrate some of the grammatical uses of the verbs(Present, Past, Present Perfect) between Shakespeare and Modern English through his several works. In my opinion, I think that SHALL and WILL in Shakespeare's age are quite different from those of Modern English. They had not today's complicated rules of volitional and non-volitional, Interrogative and Declarative.
The results obtained in this study are as follows:
1. In the Present, Shakespeare uses "he comes." "she makes.", contrary to Chaucer uses "he cometh." "she maketh.".
2, In the Past, Strong Verbs of modern English were Weak Verbs, contrary to many Weak Verbs of Modern English were Strong Verbs. "weaved"(P.P Richard Ⅱ. Ⅳ.Ⅰ. 229) "holp"(Cymbeline, Ⅴ.Ⅴ. 442)
3. In his age, instead of the Past Perfect, the Past was used. Such used are too many to take the examples
These errors are arose. (Comedy of Errors, Ⅴ.Ⅰ. 391) He hath wrote this.(King Lear, Ⅰ.Ⅱ. 93)
4. In Shakespeare, in case subject is plural, verb doesn't shortened s.
Thy beauty and thy years full well befits. Sonnet, Xii. 3
5. The use of shall have 3 kinds of meanings in his age.
a) is distined to;
Men shall deal unadvisedly sometimes.
-Richard Ⅲ,Ⅳ.Ⅳ. 293
b) answer of the subordinate;
K. HEN. Desire them all to my pavilion. glo. We shall, my liege.
-Henry Ⅴ,Ⅳ. ⅰ. 27-8
c) Certainty in-future. and if I die, no soul shall pity me.
-Richard Ⅲ.Ⅴ.ⅲ. 202
6. The use of will have 3 kinds of meanings in his age.
a) The 1st person which speaks for the volitional in modern English has the meaning of none-volitional in his age.
I will live to be thankfull to thee for't.
-Twelfth night, Ⅳ.ⅱ. 88
b) Will in the second person expresses order.
You'll leave your noise anon, ye rascals.
-Henry Ⅷ,Ⅴ.Ⅳ.Ⅰ
c) Will in the 3rd person means the volitional of Subject. Your niece wiil not be seen: or if she be, it's four to one she'll none of me.
-Twelfth Night,Ⅰ.ⅰ. 24-6
7) The uses of shall and will in the Interrogation Sentence hasn't established in his age. If Caesar hide himself, shall they not whisper "Lo! Caesar is afraid"?
-Julius Caesar, Ⅱ. ⅱ. 100-1

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ① 序論
• ② 本論
• a) 現在
• b) 過去
• c) 菓去分詞
• d) shall, will
• e) should, wauld
• ③ 結論