파괴 의지로서의 죽음 본능 탐색—<실비아>와 『종 항아리』의 실비아 플라스와 에스더 그린우드의 사례를 중심으로 = A Study of Death Instinct as a Will to Destruction—with Cases of Sylvia Plath and Esther Greenwood in Sylvia and The Bell Jar

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Death instinct which is understood as a direct will to destruction by Jacques Lacan is distinctively suited for Sylvia Plath’s instinct for suicide because of the inherent potential for rebirth into another Other and life. Lacan’s death instinct, in so far as it works as a will to make a fresh start, is differentiated from Sigmund Freud’s death instinct which is basically a death drive to return to a state of equilibrium of the inanimate sphere. In Sylvia, Christine Jeffs as a director made an intentional fallacy in reading Plath’s death instinct as a case of Freudian death drive concluding the genuine cause of her suicide as the failure of her marriage life. Sylvia Plath underlined her death instinct as a creative will in her representative poem, “Lady Lazarus” and her only biographical novel, The Bell Jar as well as in her actual life. In The Bell Jar, through Esther Greenwood’s will to face and overcome the conflicts incurred by the gap between the subject and the Other, Plath impressively depicted a woman who had the great gift of being reborn to live a new life. By tracing Esther Greenwood’s ceaseless efforts to internalize the Other into her ego, in comparison with Plath’s biographical details reduced and distorted by Jeffs, this paper attempts to verify that Plath’s death instinct works as a will to create a libertarian spirit within her self.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Freud, Sigmund, "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, In On sexuality" Penguin Books Ltd 1991

2 Lacan, Jacques, "The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book XI The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis" W. W. Norton & Company 1981

3 Alvarez, Al, "The Savage God" Penguin Books Ltd. 1979

4 Brain, Tracy, "The Other Sylvia Plath" Longman 2001

5 Fink, Bruce, "The Lacanian Subject" Princeton UP 1995

6 Lacan, Jacques, "The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960 The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book VII" Routledge Classics 2008

7 Hayman, Ronald, "The Death and Life of Sylvia Plath" J. H. Haynes & Ltd 2003

8 Plath, Sylvia, "The Bell Jar" Faber and Faber 1963

9 Kirk, Connie Ann, "Sylvia Plath: A Biography" Greenwood Press 2004

10 Alvarez, Al, "Risky Business: People, Pastimes, Poker and Books" Bloomsbury 2007

11 Bundtzen, Lynda K, "Plath and psychoanalysis, In The Cambridge Companion to Sylvia Plath" Cambridge UP 2006

12 Woolf, Virginia, "Mrs. Dalloway" A Harvest Book 1953

13 Plath, Sylvia, "Letters Home" Harper 1975

14 Plath, Sylvia, "Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams" Buccaneer Books 1979

15 Middlebrook, Diane, "Her Husband: Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath—A Marriage" Penguin Books 2003

16 Kibler, James E. Jr, "Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 6, In American Novelists Since World War II" Bruccoli Clark Layman Book, University of Georgia. The Gale Group 1980

17 Freud, Sigmund, "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" W. W. Norton & Company 1961

18 Plath, Sylvia, "Ariel: The Restored Edition: A Facsimile of Plath’s Manuscript, Reinstating Her Original Selection and Arrangement" Harper Collins Publishers 2004