The purpose of this study is to see how parenting attitudes, career awarenss, academic achievement and happiness are related and to investigate the effect of parenting attitudes on career awareness, academic achievement and happiness. The study survey...
The purpose of this study is to see how parenting attitudes, career awarenss, academic achievement and happiness are related and to investigate the effect of parenting attitudes on career awareness, academic achievement and happiness. The study surveyed 184 students in the second or third grade of academic high school in Gyeonggi Province with three kinds of questionnaires.
Three kinds of questionnaires are the survey of parenting attitude that children recognize, which was developed by Huh, Myoyeon(1999), career maturity measurement developed by Lee, Gihak(1997) and Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener.E (1985). For students' scholastic achievement, the study used the final exam grade of three subjects - Korean, math and English - in the first semester. Collected survey results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0. and were processed through correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis.
The following is the summary of the study result.
First, this study showed that parenting attitudes were correlated with career awareness, academic achievement and happiness of adolescents. Father's parenting attitude is positively related to academic achievement and happiness and negatively related to career awareness. Mother's parenting attitude is negatively related to career awareness, academic achievement and happiness.
Second, father's inconsistent and controlling attitudes highly affected adolescents' career awareness. The lower inconsistent attitude father has and the higher controlling attitude father has, the higher career awareness adolescent shows. On the other hand, mother's parenting attitude has no relation to adolescents' career awareness. This result shows that father has a greater effect on the development of career awareness than mother.
Third, all of father's parenting attitudes, his abusive and overly expectant attitudes affected adolescents' academic achievement. The higher abusive attitude the father has and the lower expectant attitude the father has, the higher adolescents' academic achievement becomes. All of mother's parenting attitudes, her abusive and overly expectant attitudes affect adolescents' academic achievement in the same way as the father's. One difference between those is that 3 percent of influence exists - father, 8 percent and mother, 11 percent.
Finally, father's intervening attitude affected adolescents' happiness the most and then expectant and neglecting attitude come in the second and third position. The more father intervenes, the less he expects and the more he neglects, the happier adolescents feel. However, in the case of mother, the adolescents feel much happier when she shows lower affection and expectation towards her daughter or son.
Based on the results above, rearing attitudes of parents, career awareness, academic achievement, happiness were correlated and each sub-variable of rearing attitudes of parents affect career awareness, academic achievement and happiness with different degree. In addition, by comparing the results of this study and other previous studies, it is recognized that further study should be conducted under the condition of discriminating genders of subjects so that more specific and useful data could be offered to counselors and parents for effective guidance of adolescents.