조선 고종 ＜북묘묘정비(北廟廟庭碑)＞ 비문의 관우(關羽) 관련 기록과 모종강(毛宗崗) 평본(評本) ≪삼국연의(三國演義)≫ = Records Relevant to Guan Yu in the “Stele of the Northern Shrine” Written by Chosun Dynasty King Kojong and Mao Zhonggang’s Adaptation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper clarifies that the “Stele of the Northern Shrine” was written by King Kojong, the 26^th King of Chosun Dynasty and that it was built in 1887 in the yard of the northern part of Seoul, currently Myeongryun-dong, Jongro-gu.
This paper furthermore examines the structure and the main contents of the epitaph: while King Kojong acclaimed the contributions of Guan Yu, the King never addressed Guan Yu with a title higher than ‘King,’ and consciously positioned him in the rank lower than the King of Chosun. This is the very first paper regarding Stone Stele of the Northern. More meaningful is that this paper reveals that the records relevant to Guan Yu on the epitaph, considering its six details, are not based on Chen Shou’s history book Records of the Three Kingdoms, but based on Mao Zhonggang’s adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The six aforementioned details are as follows: Guan Yu’s rank was called ‘Hanshoutinghou (漢壽亭侯)’; Guan Yu read The Spring and the Autumn Periods; Guan Yu kept a candlelight vigil until morning in order to protect the two wives of Liu Bei; Guan Yu’s life was evaluated based on ‘The Courtesy of Monarch and Courtier (君臣之禮)’ and ‘The Difference Between Men and Women (男女之別)’; Guan Yu flooded Cao Cao’s seven armies; and Guan Yu’s death came since ‘Heaven did not help Han Dynasty.’
It can be also learned from The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty that King Kojong read the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms for pleasure, Sima Guang’s history book Zizhi tongjian for basic reference, Zhu Xi’s Zizhitongjiangangmu for supplementary reference, and Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms for in-dept reference. King Kojong actively accepted the fictional content of the novel on Stone Stele of the North. Because suffering from the Im o Military Revolt and The Gapsin Coup, he needed a story above all at the time which “would make subjects have loyalty (to the king)”.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국역사정보통합시스템"

2 "조선왕조실록"

3 "승정원일기"

4 楊恒, "서울金石文大觀" 서울특별시, 올림픽준비단 1987

5 "서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원"

6 국립중앙박물관, "국립중앙박물관 야외전시문화재 이전" 씨티파트너 2005

7 渡邊義浩, "關羽" 北京聯合出版公司 2017

8 司馬光, "資治通鑒" 中華書局 1956

9 喩蘭, "碑帖學基礎" 人民敎育出版社 2011

10 홍윤기, "東廟의 明 使臣이 지은 懸板에 대한 考證과 그 외교적 문화적 의미에 관하여" 중국학연구소 (49) : 103-128, 2015

11 元永煥, "朝鮮時代 漢城府 硏究" 강원대학교 출판부 1990

12 范曄, "後漢書" 中華書局 1965

13 司馬光, "古本小說集成⋅三國志通俗演義" 上海古籍出版社 1990

14 司馬光, "古本小說集成⋅三國志平話" 上海古籍出版社 1990

15 楊恒, "六書統" 安徽敎育出版社 2002

16 羅貫中, "三國演義" 上海古籍出版社 1989

17 羅貫中, "三國演義" 人民文學出版社 2002

18 羅貫中, "三國演義" 人民出版社 2008

19 盧弼, "三國志集解" 上海古籍出版社 2009

20 陳壽, "三國志" 中華書局 1982

21 "Chinese Etymology 字源"