애덤 스미스의 도덕감정론: 상업사회와 도덕규칙 = Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Commercial Society and Morality

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been told that the core of Adam Smith’s idea is the belief that selfishness brings prosperity to every one, led by an “invisible hand”. Unfortunately, the belief seems to have dominated our mental world. Such a belief has been ridiculed as hand of magic. Beyond this derision, the belief has become for the left wing an important political tool to justify market interference. Therefore, the purpose of this article is twofold: through the proper connections between The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, firstly it shows that such belief and ridicule are not right, and secondly it explains Smith’s core theme that an integrated social order is possible to enjoy prosperity in peace in a world of strangers.
The starting point of Smith’s thought is a sympathetic human being. Unlike maximizing selfish goals, these humans pursue the virtues of justice, good deeds, and prudence and at the same time do the best self-interests. In the process of exchanging goods among such peoples, general rules of justice are so spontaneously without intentions generated and maintained. The self-love of human beings can be so properly alleviated that they can be in a company with strangers That is why the essence of a market economy is the rule of justice, but not self-interest. The virtue of prudence and of self-command necessary to lower emotional inconsistencies also mitigate selfishness. So it can be said that market society, that is commercial society, is the most fertile foundation for the development of moral behavior.
Justice prevents infringement of liberty and property. That has nothing to do with the distributive or social justice which Smith refuses strongly. Justice plays a great role in establishing an area of freedom equally to individuals that no one can infringe on. The primary of State’s task is to prevent injustice that violates freedom. The rules of justice along with structures of prices of goods are factors that enable a self-generated and grown order, in other words, spontaneous order. This is why the mockery of invisible hand as magical hand is wrong.
Smith strictly refuses to analyze policies or regulations separately one by one. He was the first system builder who developed an framework for viewing the world, The framework is his famous “system of freedom,” namely spontaneous order, based on the principle of justice. That is why it may be not overstated to call him the founder of “Economics of Social Order”.

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