청소년 성별에 따른 손톱의 영양미네랄 함량 비교분석 = A Comparative Analysis of Major Mineral Contents of Nails by Gender in Adolescents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

According to analysis of correlations between nail growth and diseases, the selenium content oftoenails can be a barometer of liver or coronary artery disease. In addition, the calcium and magnesiumcontents of fingernails can be correlated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) according to age. This studycollected nail samples from adolescents, who are undergoing rapid mental and physical development,and analyzed the major minerals. Adolescence is a critical period in which nutritional balance has asignificant effect on mental and physical growth. For this study, nails were sampled from a total of60 adolescents in Seoul, and the contents of 15 different minerals (macro- and micro-minerals) weremeasured using the ICP emission spectrochemical analysis tester. The mineral content of nails by genderwas then comparatively analyzed. In terms of macro-minerals, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium,phosphorus and sulfur were measured. In terms of micro-minerals, copper, zinc, iron, manganese,chromium, selenium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum were measured to provide a reference range for themineral content of nails in Korean adolescents. According to a comparative analysis of mineral contentsbetween boys and girls based on the results of the test above, boys had greater mineral content thangirls in fingernails for Na (p<.05) and K (p<.001). In the cases of Zn (p<.001), Fe (p<.001), Mn (p<.001)and Cr (p<.001), in contrast, the nails of girls were higher than those of boys. This study investigatedthe mineral content of fingernails in Korean adolescents, which has never been undertaken before.
Because there were no reference data on the standard mineral content of adolescent fingernails, thisstudy measured the average reference range through the quantitative measurement of mineral contentsper 1 gram of fingernail using 60 adolescents as the sample. Changes in mineral content were examinedthrough comparative analysis between boys and girls. The study results found that nail samples canbe used as a clinical tool to measure Korean adolescents’ nutritional status based on mineral content,which revealed statistically significant differences. The reference values obtained in this study wouldbe useful in studying the relationship between diverse diseases and mineral content of nails in Koreanadolescents provided that there is no large regional difference in terms of the mineral content of nails inthe adolescents living in other regions.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Barba C, 104 : 323-329, 2011

2 이현숙, "한국 일부 청소년의 건강기능식품용 비타민·무기질 보충제 섭취 실태 및 관련 요인 조사" 한국식생활문화학회 28 (28): 415-423, 2013

3 이기화, "한국 소아청소년 대사증후군의 유병률과 10년간 추이: 1998-2008년도 국민건강영양조사" 대한피부미용학회 8 (8): 1-9, 2010

4 김희자, "청소년의 외모관심도에 따른 화장품 사용실태와 구매행태 연구" 한국피부과학연구원 12 (12): 353-359, 2014

5 장혜순, "전남 일부 농'어촌 지역 청소년의 성별에 따른 식습관과 식생활 태도 및 영양지식의 비교" 대한지역사회영양학회 11 (11): 459-468, 2006

6 김현숙, "아연의 섭취 수준이 흰쥐의 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 칼륨 함량에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 38 (38): 1037-1041, 2009

7 김지현, "성인여성의 모발미네랄 함량과 연령, BMI 및 모발의 물리적특성과의 상관성" 대한피부미용학회 10 (10): 477-485, 2012

8 윤진숙, "성인 여성의 나트륨 섭취수준과 칼슘 영양상태 및 골밀도" 대한지역사회영양학회 18 (18): 125-133, 2013

9 김지수, "성별에 따른 청소년의 자살생각과 관련요인" 한국콘텐츠학회 12 (12): 261-268, 2012

10 이휘재, "부산·경북지역 초·중학교 급식메뉴의 나트륨 함량 및 학생들의 나트륨 섭취 실태 조사" 한국식품영양과학회 39 (39): 85-91, 2010

11 이은영, "네일보강제가 네일시술로 인해 손상된 손톱에 미치는 영향" 대한피부미용학회 7 (7): 67-78, 2009

12 승정자, "남자성인의 흡연여부에 따른 영양섭취상태, 골밀도, 혈장 무기질 농도에 관한 연구" 대한지역사회영양학회 10 (10): 91-100, 2005

13 배윤정, "난소절제 쥐에서 칼슘섭취수준에 따른 망간의 보충이골격상태 및 칼슘평형에 미치는 영향" 한국영양학회 41 (41): 206-215, 2008

14 Katsikini M, "Zn-K edge EXAFS study of human nails" 190 : 012204-, 2009

15 Dirks MA, "Youth & rsquor; s Responses to Peer Provocation: Links to Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression" 36 : 339-349, 2014

16 Sakoda LC, "Toenail selenium and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in Haimen City" 115 : 615-624, 2005

17 Garden BC, "The risk of nail changes with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis" 67 : 400-408, 2012

18 Yesil Y, "The relationship between metabolic bone diseases and fingernail calcium levels in the elderly" 3 : 341-344, 2012

19 Medeiros DM, "The association of selected hair minerals and anthropometric factors with blood pressure in a normotensive adult population" 3 : 0271-5317, 1983

20 Quinn A, "Social and familial determinants of health: Mediating effects of caregiver mental and physical health on children’s mental health" 36 : 163-169, 2014

21 Struthers GR, "Sheppeard H, Kitt M. Smoking and rheumatoid vasculitis" 1 : 145-146, 1981

22 Choi WS, "Relationships of Hair Mineral Concentrations with Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome" 158 : 323-329, 2014

23 Ferreiro F, "Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating Among Adolescent Girls and Boys:A Multiwave, Prospective Study" 42 : 803-812, 2014

24 Yoshizawa K, "Prospective Study of Selenium Levels in Toenails and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men" 158 : 852-860, 2003

25 Grondhuis SN, "Overweight and obesity in youth with developmental disabilities: a call to action" 58 : 787-799, 2014

26 Dogon IL, "Observations on the diurnal variation of some inorganic constituents of human parotid saliva in smokers and non-smokers" 16 : 95-105, 1971

27 Cashman MW, "Nutrition and nail disease" 28 : 420-425, 2010

28 Meyer Heim, "Nail dystrophy–a clinical sign of malnutrition in the disabled child" 163 : 567-568, 2004

29 Ohgitani S, "Nail calcium content in relation to age and bone mineral density" 18 : 959-966, 2008

30 Ohgitani S, "Nail calcium and magnesium content in relation to age and bone mineral density" 23 : 318-322, 2005

31 Tsushima H., "Isolation of cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cystatin A, from human nails" 285 : 418-422, 1993

32 Park SB, "Hair tissue mineral analysis and metabolic syndrome" 130 : 218-228, 2009

33 Szabo N, "Functional and morphological evaluation of hand microcirculation with nailfold capillaroscopy and laser Doppler imaging in Raynaud’s and Sjögren’s syndrome and poly/dermatomyositis" 37 : 23-29, 2008

34 Poonawalla IB, "Family income trajectory during childhood is associated with adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use" 39 : 1383-1388, 2014

35 Choi BY, "Effect of High Calcium Diet on the Zinc and Copper Balance in Korean Female Adolescents" 30 : 894-899, 2001

36 Wiener RC., "Association of smokeless tobacco use and smoking in adolescents in the United States: an analysis of data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey 2011" 144 : 930-938, 2011

37 Brown VE, "An international consensus survey of the diagnostic criteria for juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)" 45 : 990-993, 2006

38 Lee YS, "A Study on the Nail Discoloration of the Polish. Res" 19 : 309-315, 2011

39 Bae BJ, "A Case of Yellow Nail Syndrome: Misdiagnosis as Congestive Heart Failure. Tuberc" 71 : 46-49, 2011

40 노혜란, "10대 청소년기의 여드름이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대한연구" 한국피부과학연구원 12 (12): 339-344, 2014