Young adult carers (YACs) who provide care for their family members have received increasing social and academic attention. However, related research and public policy have mainly focused on primary YACs in single-parent families or grandparent-headed...
Young adult carers (YACs) who provide care for their family members have received increasing social and academic attention. However, related research and public policy have mainly focused on primary YACs in single-parent families or grandparent-headed families. A few studies have examined the experiences of YACs in Korea, but very few or no studies have explored the link between caregiving and emerging adulthood or considered family dynamics. Unlike caregiving in middle or older adulthood, caring for parents and grandparents in young adulthood is considered a non-normative, off-time event that may bring many changes and difficulties. It is also important to consider the dynamics of the YAC's whole family given that YACs become caregivers in a family context and it is where they face challenges and interact on a daily basis.
The purpose of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of YACs who are caregivers for parents or grandparents from developmental and family systems perspectives. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven unmarried women and men aged 19-34 who had routinely provided care for a parent or grandparent due to illness or disability for more than six months within the past year. Using reflexive thematic analysis, five central themes emerged from the data.
The participants inevitably assumed caregiving responsibilities due to family coercion or family structures. YACs were chosen to become caregivers because they were not actively involved in economic activities. YACs were also "hidden" primary caregivers. Although they did not perceive that they were the primary caregiver when other family members such as their parents were also caregivers, the participants performed a similar level of care compared to the acknowledged caregiver in the family over an extended period of time. In addition, unlike the expectation that the parent generation would take care of the grandparents in multi-generational families, some parents handed over the caregiving responsibility to the YACs, or they co-cared for the ill or disabled person, or the care recipient only received care from the YACs.
The YACs' family dynamics was the key context for YACs' caregiving experiences. The relationship between YACs and care recipients as well as their relationship with other family members had an important influence on the overall care experiences. For many YACs, caring for parents was "unnatural," which led them to provide care only because they were tied to the family. However, many YACs who cared for their grandparents perceived that caregiving was a "natural" experience that allowed them to repay the love and care that the grandparents had provided in the past. In addition, relationships with other family members were perceived as either support or a stressor. Some YACs were able to endure the burden of caregiving thanks to family support, but some wanted to escape from caregiving responsibilities because of the tensions and conflict in the family.
The participants thought that they had lost their emerging adulthood due to their caregiving burden. At the same time, they thought that emerging adulthood was a better time to provide care because they had nothing to lose given the developmental stage. Their responsibilities interfered with the YACs' lives or they had to change plans for college graduation, employment, dating, and marriage, which are major life events during the transition to adulthood. As a result, they could not properly experience emerging adulthood, a period of possibilities, self-focus, and identity exploration. However, many YACs also regarded family caregiving as a steppingstone for the future and an opportunity for the family to become closer.
This study is meaningful in that it explored the experiences of family caregiving in emerging and young adulthood with a focus on family dynamics, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The results of this study revealed that YACs' experiences were deeply intertwined with their developmental characteristics and the dynamics of the family as a whole. In addition, YACs' experiences during emerging and young adulthood were not considered a hindrance to them, but rather, the experience helped them develop. These results suggest that family caregiving during this period can be a mixed blessing with both positive and negative attributes.