서울시 경관계획에 따른 경관관리 운영평가 및 개선방안 연구 = Operation Assessment and Improvement Schemes for the Landscape Management according to the Landscape Plans of Seoul City

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Seoul city planned both Seoul Landscape Master Plan and Seoul Urban District Landscape Plan in 2009 based on the Landscape Law enacted in 2007. Both plans designated ``Landscape Management Zones`` according to the vision and basic concepts for each landscape type such as urban district, natural green, waterfront, and historic cultural landscape. For each zone, the plans provided ``Landscape Design Guideline and Checklist`` suggesting basic principles and directions to incite to conserve and cultivate the valuable landscape in the zones. As a tool to apply the guideline, Seoul adopted ``Landscape Self Check System``. The System requires architect himself/herself to check the Landscape Design Guideline and Checklist and to submit it along with the building permit documents. The system is about to be operated compulsorily after the trial application period (01 April 2009~ 31 March 2011). The study aims to monitor the actual condition and problems and to draw improvement schemes for the effective landscape management before the obligatory operation of the ``Landscape Self Check System``. The study seeks the supplementation and improvement schemes for the landscape management system for the stabilized operation. The main contents of the study are assessment of trial application, survey of officials and architects, analysis on applied cases, and case studies of Japanese cities. The assessment of trial application shows that the submission rate of the ``Landscape Design Guideline and Checklist`` is around 20% which is quite low. The rate of correct recognition of the officials who collect the checklists reaches about the half (about 52%), and the rate of wrong submission reaches up to 34% which is not improving. Analyzing the rates by each Gu-district shows that the variation of the rates between the Gu-districts are relatively high and that the officials are important not only in collecting the checklists correctly but also in encouraging and guiding the architects. The study conducted a survey to investigate the perception of interested parties. It shows that Landscape Self Check System actually changed the perception of the architects about landscape. About 50% of the architects responded that the system contributed to improve the recognition and consideration for landscape, and about 40% of the architects who think the guideline was helpful also answered that the guideline provided the effective information about the landscape resources and the direction for consideration. The survey illustrates the necessity of search system of the landscape management zones and the necessity to complement the design guidelines. The analysis of applied cases of the design guidelines shows that the architects checked the checklist routinely and repeatedly, and they confused the marks between ``not considered`` and ``not relevant.`` In addition, it is ambiguous to assess whether the guideline is reflected on buildings or not. This ambiguity might cause problems when ``pre-conference`` system is adopted, and therefore it is necessary to prepare operation manual. The study drew improvement schemes as a result; establishment of landscape management system, improvement of manpower and organization, and supplementation of Landscape Design Guideline and Checklist. First is the establishment of landscape management system to secure the power of execution. It is necessary to grade the management system into ``pre-conference`` and ``pre-consultation`` based on the influence of a building to the surrounding landscape and importance of the location, make the submission compulsory through supplementing the building permit process, and finally establish the online system to search the zones and guidelines linked to Seoul GIS portal system(http://gis.seoul.go.kr). Second is the improvement of manpower and organization for landscape management. It is necessary to increase the conference ability of the officials through preparing an operation manual for landscape management system, educate and cultivate the people including the officials and architects for the effective operation, and to secure the labor pool for the landscape adviser. Third is the supplementation of Landscape Design Guideline and Checklist. It is necessary to clarify the object of the landscape management for each zone and direction of each element, refine the design guidelines, and make to submit the supplementary explanations to check whether the landscape is considered or not. As the specific action plan to operate the above improvement schemes, the study suggested to include the articles for the ``pre-conference`` and ``pre- consultation`` system in the Seoul Landscape Ordinance when it is amended according to the amendment of the Landscape Law (legislation notice). It should include the ground to refuse a building permit application which lacks confirmation document of pre-consultation or pre-consultation and include an operation policy for landscape review. In addition, to increase the executive ability of the landscape plans, it should prepare the details to relieve the architectural standard for the buildings with excellent landscape, the support system for the Gu-district with excellent landscape management system, and the online search system.