Age-Dependent Variations of Volatile Emissions and Inhibitory Activity Toward Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum in Tomato Leaves Treated with Chitosan Oligosaccharide

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated variations in the level and

composition of volatiles emitted by tomato leaves at

different ages. Our focus also included their antifungal

properties and responses to chitosan oligosaccharide. Based

on leaf position, the release of volatiles decreased over

time. Young leaves produced high levels of C6-aldehyde,

which is mainly composed of hexenal, while the volatiles

emitted by more mature leaves largely comprised terpenes,

particularly β-phellandrene and caryophyllane. In young

upper leaves, the main components (up to 86% of the total)

were hexenal, β-phellandrene, and caryophyllane. Their

levels decreased steadily over time, from 386.3 μg g−1 fresh

weight (FW) in young leaves to 113.2 μg g−1 FW in old

tissues. Volatiles emitted from young leaves exhibited the

best antifungal activity against spore germination and hyphal

growth by Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Leaves

became more susceptible to oligosaccharide treatment with

increasing age. When young tissues were exposed to

chitosan, we found declines in both the quantity of volatiles

and their ability to inhibit fungal growth. Compared with the

control, the amount of volatiles from young tissues was

88.4% lower after such treatment. In contrast, contents of

volatiles from old and adult leaves were dramatically

increased by chitosan oligosaccharide. Likewise, their

inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced. Therefore, our

results suggest that these volatiles are responsible for

antifungal activity and may play a role in age-related

resistance by tomato.

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