Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have gained significant attention for their excellent device performance and integration capabilities in flat panel displays. The conventional method of achieving full-color displays involves individually patterni...
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have gained significant attention for their excellent device performance and integration capabilities in flat panel displays. The conventional method of achieving full-color displays involves individually patterning each primary color emitting-layer (EML) using fine metal masks (FMMs) during thermal evaporation. However, this approach has several issues such as the shadow effect, particle contamination, and misalignments, which hamper the large-scale and mass production. Meanwhile, colloidal quantum-dots (QDs) and QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation display devices due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties including high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission bandwidth, and good photostability. Nevertheless, the complex solution process to pattern red, green, and blue QDs limits the performance of QLEDs and restricts the resolution of full-color displays. Therefore, one of the urgent issues to utilize the OLEDs and QLEDs in practical is developing simple and low-cost patterning techniques for the realization of the full-color and high-resolution displays.
This thesis introduces novel concepts of common layer architectures that integrate QDs into hybrid light-emitting devices to reduce the difficulties in patterning process and manufacturing cost of full-color displays. While a few studies have explored the common layer structure previously, their application has been limited to organic small molecules. Herein, the utilization of the common layer structure is extended into two types of QD-integrated structures for the first time.
In the first approach, QDs are commonly deposited across the entire active area using a solution process, eliminating the need for an FMM step for the red sub-pixel in the full-color hybrid device structure. Despite the presence of underlying QDs, the green and blue-emitting OLEDs exhibit emission solely from their respective dyes which is attributed to the confinement of excitons within the EML through effective hole blocking facilitated by the deep highest occupied molecular orbital level of the buffer layer. Consequently, a full-color QD–organic hybrid light-emitting device, employing the QD common layer architecture on a single substrate, successfully maintains the color purity of each sub-pixel.
As the second common layer structure, a QD–organic hybrid light-emitting diode is introduced, which incorporates an organic blue common layer (BCL) deposited using a common mask over the entire sub-pixels. The optimized device structure enables red and green-emitting QLEDs to maintain their Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color coordinates even with the presence of the BCL. Additionally, the adoption of the BCL significantly enhances the external quantum efficiency of the green and red QLEDs by 38.4% and 11.7% respectively, due to Förster resonance energy transfer from the BCL to beneath QDs. By using the BCL structure, a full-color QD–organic hybrid device on a single substrate is demonstrated. Therefore, it is believed that these novel common layer strategies suggested in this thesis, facilitating QLED–OLED hybrid device structure, is practically applicable for easier fabrication of solution-processed, high-resolution, and full-color displays with reduced process steps.