거짓말 탐지 상황에서 객관적 자기인식이 용의자의 심리상태에 미치는 영향 = The effects of objective self-awareness on lying suspects’ psychological characteristics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the effects of objective self-awareness on the psychological characteristics of suspects when they tell a lie. To manipulate objective self-awareness, half the suspects were seated in front of a mirror and half were not during a polygraph test. After the polygraph test, the suspects were instructed to complete a psychological characteristics questionnaire focusing on such characteristics as shame/guilt, state anxiety, and impression management. Additionally, we divided the suspects into two groups depending on their polygraph test results to identify the differences in psychological characteristics between the lie and truth groups. The lie group showed significantly higher guilt than did the truth group; however, the two groups were not statistically significantly different in terms of their reporting of shame. In addition, there were differences in anxiety and impression management, depending on objective self-awareness. The lie group who completed the polygraph in front of a mirror were higher in anxiety and expressed more impression management than did those who were not in front of a mirror. In contrast, the truth group was unaffected by the presence of the mirror. These results showed there were differences in the psychological characteristics of the suspects in the two groups depending on objective self-awareness. These findings may help to correctly detect truth and lies in many applied settings, such as the forensic, judicial, and investigative domains.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 거짓말 탐지 상황에서 객관적 자기인식이 용의자들의 심리상태에 미치는 영향에 대해서 확인하기 위함이다. 이를 위해서 실제 범죄사건의 용의자를 대상으로 객관적 자기인식을 조작(거울유무)하여 죄책감/수치심, 상태불안, 사회적 바람직성을 측정하였으며, 용의자 집단 중 폴리그래프 검사 결과를 근거로 진실집단과 거짓집단으로 나누어 객관적 자기인식에 따른 집단 간 심리상태를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 죄책감은 거짓집단이 진실집단보다 더 높게 나타났으나, 수치심은 집단 간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그에 반해 상태불안과 사회적 바람직성에서는 객관적 자기인식에 따라 진실집단과 거짓집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 구체적으로 진실집단은 객관적 자기인식에 따라 상태불안과 사회적 바람직성에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 거짓집단은 거울이 있는 조건이 거울이 없는 조건에 비해 상태불안과 사회적 바람직성이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉 객관적 자기인식이 높을 경우 거짓말 하는 사람은 불안을 더 느끼며 상대방에게 보다 좋은 인상을 주기 위해 긍정적 인상관리 전략을 활용한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 정확한 거짓말 탐지를 필요로 하는 경찰, 검찰 등 수사기관에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.

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