대학생에게 적용한 피트니스 운동의 다면적 효과 = The Multifaceted Effects of Fitness Exercise on University Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the multifaceted effects of a structured fitness program on university students, focusing on physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and psychological aspects.
Methods: A single-group pre- and post-test design was employed. Sixty-two university students participated in a 12-week fitness program from September to November 2024, attending 120-minute sessions once a week. The program was designed based on the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) principle. Physical (body composition, cardiovascular health, physical fitness), cognitive (academic performance), emotional (Positive affect and negative affect schedule), social (university life adaptation), and psychological (depression) variables were measured before and after the intervention.
Data from 47 participants were analyzed using SPSS software, applying paired t-tests. Results: The fitness program significantly improved students' physical, emotional, social, and psychological health.
Body weight (t=-3.75, p<.001), BMI (t=-3.86, p<.001), and pulse rate (t=-4.48, p<.001) decreased, while muscular endurance (t=3.35, p=.002), flexibility (t=2.28, p=.027), agility (t=-2.08, p=.043), and cardiorespiratory endurance (t=3.81, p<.001) improved. Emotional stability increased with higher positive affect (t=.40, p<.001) and university life adaptation (t=2.75, p=.009), while negative affect (t=-3.46, p=.001) and depression (t=-3.08, p=.004) decreased. Male students showed greater improvements in pulse rate, grip strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance, along with more significant reductions in negative affect and depression. Conclusion: The fitness program demonstrated comprehensive benefits, enhancing physical health, emotional stability, university life adaptation, and mental well-being in university students. These findings highlight the importance of structured fitness programs in improving students’ overall health and quality of life.
Further research with diverse populations is needed, and policy support should be considered to encourage regular participation in fitness activities.