曹植詩攷 = A Study on the Poetry of Cao Zhi

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Cao Zhi(A.D. 192-232), better known as Chen Si Wang or Prince Si of Chen, was the third son of Cao Cao(A.D. 155-220) who was the real power behind Xien's throne, the last Han emperor, and the younger brother of Cao Pi(A.D. 186-226) who was the first emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty, and was the most distinguished poet in the Jien An Period (A.D. 196-220), the reign-period name of the last Han emperor Xien.
This period, although it lay at the end of the Han dynastic span, did not connote any degeneracy or lack of vigor which one would associate with the fall of an empire. On the contrary, it was a period in literary development which opened up many new vistas in both prose and poetry. During the reign of Jien An conscious attempts were made to set up a new discipline for the fostering of new verse forms. Poems consisting purely of five-syllable or seven-syllable lines with rhythmic vitality and regularity were to replace the stately but lifeless four-syllabe-line verse form used in sacrificial and court singing that was slavishly imitative of the prevailing pattern in the book of songs. In folk poetry the irregular verse form composed of lines of varying length-a verse form that seemed to follow no rules at all but only the impulse of the singer and the nature of the subject matter-also yielded ground rapidly to the new convention. In addition, the age saw a remarkable rapprochment between the writings of the literary class and the spontaneous songs of the populace. This latter trend was especially noticeable in the way that folk poetry, with its popular themes and lively rhythm, exerted a clear influence upon the major poets, who now entitled their poetical compositions in the style of folk songs.
Among the so-called seven masters of the Jien An Period the most distinguished were Wang Chan(A.D. 177-217) and Liu Zheng(died 217). Surpassing both Liu and Wang was Cao Zhi. If anyone had contributed substantially to the five-syllable-line poetry of the Jien An Period, no one could rival Cao Zhi in demonstrating that the new verse form could be utilized in all types of poetical expression from extended narration to the most ethereal type of lyricism.
His rise to literary eminence was not an especially easy one. because both his father and his elder brother were poets of great reputation. In his eighteenth year he won the admiration of his father by having written a fu on the Bronze Bird Terrace. Soon afterward, according to an unverified tradition, he fell in love with Lady Zhen, a woman ten years older than himself, who became the consort of his elder brother, Emperor Wen. These circumstances, coupled with the political jealousies of his elder brother after the latter's ascension to the imperial throne, rendered his life in exile extremely difficult. His poem, generally known as "The Seven Pace Poem", was an illustration of his point. He had been summoned from his feudal state to the imperial capital and ordered to write a poem while taking seven paces in the imperial audience hall. He realized it was a political trap to which he responded with the following:
A fine dish of beans had been placed in the pot
With a view to a good mess of pottage all hot.
The beanstalks, aflame, a fierce heat were begetting,
The beans in the pot were all fuming and fretting.
Yet the beans and the stalks were not born to be foes;
Oh, why should these hurry to finish off those?
(Herbert A. Giles' translation)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 緖論
• 2. 曹植 文學의 背景
• 1) 建安文壇과 그 性格
• 2) 生涯와 儲位 다툼
• 3. 曹植의 詩世界
• 1) 曹植의 詩
• (1) 安溫期의 作品
• (2) 失意期의 作品
• 2) 曹植 文學의 源泉과 思想
• 4. 結論