行政에 대한 住民參與 = Citizen Participation in Public Administration

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. Preface
The ability of the Korean public administration which is regarded responsible for the development of the Korean society has increased greatly. In contrast to this expanded ability of public administration, the Korean citizens appear to be dependent and passive, showing static attitudes. Thus, it is necessary to develop a strategy which will lead the Korean society out of her underdeveloped conditions to the level of an active society. As a search for this strategy, the article will try to develop citizen participation model in the public administration.
2. Significance and Effectiveness of Citizen Participation in Public Administration
There are two main divisions in the theory on citizen participation: instrumental theory and developmental theory.^ⓐ The former emphasizes that citizen participation is significant in the settlement of interests and other disputes, while the latter insists on the role of citizen participation for the improvement of an individual due to the moral and educational function inherent in citizen participation.
The advantages we can expect from citizen participation include: restoration of human dentity; improvement of citizen's public mind; and individual's expansion of social and political orientation; strengthening of self-guiding capabilities through the enabling of citizen society; reinforcement of responsibility and public sense and legitimacy of public administration; and exact grasping of administrative demands. On the other hand, disadvantages should also be noted: citizen manipulation by way of power; protection of particular profits of minority; enervation of public administration; and possible unstableness of society due to excessive citizen participation.
3. Developmental Background of Citizen Participation
The developmental background of citizen participation in public administration in the advanced countries such as the United States of America shows three values in the American history of public administration, that is, representativeness, politically neutral competence, and executive leadership^ⓑ. These three values in a cyclic process of evolution can be illustrated as the following Figure 1.
◁그림삽입▷
However, in the case of developing countries shown in the following Figure 2, the citizens are under the constant administrative control and pressure. Since the administrative culture in this condition shows a tendency toward authoritarianism, the citizen circle is chronically characterized by passivism and dependency. Especially since the World War Ⅱ these presently developing nations have taken capitalism without having time to develop a sense of democracy. Hence, the attitude of the citizens is based on egoism rather than on individualism. Therefore, it is easy to guess that it would be difficult to activate the
◁그림삽입▷
citizens as a main source of development.
4. Indicators for Citizen Participation
The following five indicators are selected considering three perspectives of opportunity accessible to the public administration, individuals capable of access to the public administration, and influences of access upon the public administration:
1) Opportunity of access to various kinds of information on public administration.
2) Opportunity of approach to the process of public administration: from policymakingthrough performance and to evaluation.
3) Areas of the public administration accessible to citizens.
4) Social characteristics of citizens approachable to public administration.
5) Degree of influence of access to public administration.
5. The Actual Conditions of Citizen Participation in Public Administration and their Problems
Taking Daegu City as a model for an analysis of citizen participation in public administration in Korea, I find that there are various kinds of institutionalized participation apparatus such as: various kinds of committees under the city government; honor chief of 'gu' system; street telephones for hearing citizen's grievance; information treatment system for city administration.
Daegu citizen participation in public administration, on the whole, is quite limited in terms of their opportunity to participate. Recommendations are submitted to city administration by citizens and the final decisions are made by the city authorities. But recently city administration information and participation opportunities are expanded as an administrative tactic though the participation may be limited to the style of recommendations. Simply put, Daegu city is undergoing a stage in which citizen participation is being induced and educated.
6. Conclusion
As a means to settle various problems derived from rapid social change, especially as a therapeutic measure to activate the passive society, or as an educational process to promote citizenship, citizen participation in the developing countries has special significance. The administrative authorities should keep in mind that citizen participation is an inevitable means for the development of these developing countries.
In case the administrative authorities, the object of participation, induce citizens to participate in public administration, the authorities have the possible danger of manipulating those participated citizens or mobilizing them by cooptation for some other purposes. The authorities should not fret about the off-hand result; instead they should continue their efforts to develop the citizen society.
Giving special consideration to the above-mentioned five indicators as a specific tactic for the promotion of citizen participation, we should define what are the main barriers to citizen participation from both perspectives of administration and citizens. Along with efforts to remove these impeding factors, also recommended are open information, involvement of citizens in public administration, feasible maximum accessibility to the administrative areas directly related to citizen life, and interest in enlarging citizen participation from grassroots, expansion of actual citizen's self-automomy, etc.
As for Daegu City, function strengthening of 'gu'-and 'dong' units is recommended. Thus 'gu' should be used as a strategic unit for inducing citizen participation.
A research and advisory organization for citizen participation and diagnosis.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• 1. 硏究目的
• 2. 論文의 構成
• Ⅱ. 住民參與의 意義와 효과
• 1. 住民參與의 意義
• 2. 住民參與의 효과
• Ⅲ. 住民參與의 擡頭 背景
• 1. 一般的 擡頭要因
• 2. 先進國에서의 行政參與
• 3. 開發途上國에서의 行政參與
• Ⅳ. 住民參與의 指標
• 1. 情報의 開放
• 2. 參與者의 階層
• 3. 住民이 參與하는 行政過程
• 4. 住民參與가 可能한 行政領域
• 5. 住民參與의 影響力
• Ⅴ. 韓國行政에서의 住民參與
• 1. 住民參與의 實際
• 2. 住民參與에 대한 評價
• Ⅵ. 住民參與의 提高를 위한 方案
• 1. 基本方向
• 2. 提高方案