한국에서 근대농업기술의 변용 -수용과 이전- = The Transformation of Modern Agricultural Technology in Korea -Acceptance and Transfer-

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 근대 이후 농업기술의 변화를 검토함으로써 한국정부가 추진하고 있는 글로벌 농업기술 협력에 대한 몇 가지 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 일제강점기 재래농법은 일본으로부터 개량농법으로 급속하게 대체되고, 집약농법이 도입되었으며, 이후 한국의 농업기술은 1970년대 후반 통일벼의 개발로 급속하게 보급 되어 식량자급이 가능하게 되었다. 두 시대 농업기술은 수용과정에서 타율적 강제에 의한 기술 보급이 이루어져 농민의 창의성은 철저히 무시 되었다. 정책 또한 미가 안정을 통한 공업육성이라는 유사한 목표를 갖고 있다. 농민들의 자각과 학습을 통한 자력갱생과 자조, 근면을 핵심 키워드로 삼고 있다는 점에서 유사하다. 이 같은 역사적 경험에서 보면, 앞으로 국제사회에서 농업기술협력은 지역과 지역주민에 기반을 둔 농업기술개발 및 보급, 민주적이고 주민참여를 통한 기술보급, 지속적인 성장을 위한 적정기술의 개발과 활용이 이루어져야 한다고 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This presentation examines how rice farming techniques had changed during the modernization of the production process in South Korea. Moreover, the purposes of this presentation are threefold: (1) To address the traditional agricultural practices in colonial Choson(朝鮮), improved farming, and experimental research, along with their pertinent acceptance and diffusion; (2) To review the development and dissemination of Tongil(統一) rice species and the Saemaul movement; (3) To inquire into the implications of our findings and argue for the global agricultural technology cooperation pushed by the South Korean government. During the Japanese colonial rule, traditional Korean agricultural methods were rapidly substituted by new agricultural techniques from Japan. After the introduction of intensive agricultural practices, by late 1970s Korea was able to achieve self-sufficiency in food production caused by the development of Tongil rice species. Although two eras seem to be taking totally different paths of agricultural technology acceptance in terms of social background and paradigm, they actually show many similarities as well. The technologies in two eras apparently stressed input factors, such as fertilizer and agricultural pesticide, and irrigation facilities for increased production. And they were closely related with technologyintensive systems. Therefore there are many parallels between the two eras as follows: First, in the process of technology acceptance, farmer’s creativity was completely ignored due to the compulsory dissemination of technology. Second, their aims were to achieve rice price stability for rearing the industry. Third, the root of all agricultural problems was attributed to individual farmers. Fourth, both participatory rural development in 1930s Japan and Saemaul movement in 1970s Korea shared same basic spirits such as self-rehabilitation, self-help, and hard-work. In conclusion, we need to make greater efforts to achieve mutual understanding and learning and to promote genuine global partnership and cooperation among Asian countries.