임진왜란기 대씨·태씨(조선시대 발해인)들의 활동 연구 - 『난중일기(亂中日記)』와 『호남절의록(湖南節義錄)』을 중심으로 = Study of the Joseon Balhae People(The Dae and Tae Figures), and Their Actions during the War with the Japanese: Examination of Nanjung Ilgi(『亂中日記』) and Honam Jeol’eui-rok(『湖南節義錄』)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Examined in this article are the actions of individuals with the last name Dae or Tae. Analyzed in particular are certain actions of theirs displayed during the Imjin Wae’ran and Jeong’yu Jae’ran period, during which Joseon had to fight the invading Japanese army for seven straight years.
First examined were the Dae and Tae figures recorded in Nanjung Ilgi (『亂中日記』, Wartime Journals). The record reveals that several Balhae individuals played diverse roles during wartime, such as those of military officers, technicians with certain skills, soldiers and spies, and simple servants.
Then, the actions of members of the Nam’weon region-based Hyeobgye Tae house, recorded in Honam Jeol’eui-rok (『湖南節義錄』, Records of Honorable Figures in the Honam Region), was also examined. We can see that they managed to secure vast amount of grains to be provided to the Chinese Ming troops who came to aid Joseon’s war effort, and that they even organized a large Righteous army and gave their lives in the struggle to defend the Namweon fortress.
All these examples show us that the Balhae people in the Joseon period existed in various social classes, ranging from influential local beings to commoner-turned soldiers and technicians and even to lowborn servants. And as a group of people who harbored slightly different identity and consciousness due to their Bahlae heritage, but still existed as part of the Joseon population, their example shows us that in Joseon, all people, despite their different social status, together endeavored to overcome a dynastic crisis that was the Japanese invasion.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글에서는 조선 선조대 임진~정유재란기를 배경으로, 발해인 대씨·태씨들이 보였던 활동을 재구성해보았다. 먼저 『난중일기』의 기록에 등장하는 대씨와 태씨들을 검토했으며, 이들이 이순신 장군의 군영에서 장교, 전문기술자, 군인, 심부름꾼 등으로 활동했음을 확인하였다. 한편, 『호남절의록』에 기록된 전쟁기 남원지역 협계태씨 발해인들의 활약도 검토했는데, 병량을 모아 조선을 도우러 온 명군에 제공하거나, 대규모 의병을 조직해 남원성 방어에 목숨을 바친 사례들이 확인되었다. 이들 사례를 통해 조선시대 발해인들이 향촌 가계 구성원, 군인과 기술자 등의 양인, 그리고 천인 노비 등 다양한 신분·계층에 존재했음을 엿볼 수 있는 한편, 독특한 출자의식과 정체성을 가졌지만 국적상으로는 엄연히 조선인이었던 그들의 사례를 통해, 국난기 조선인들이 사회 상·하층을 막론하고 모두 그 극복을 위해 노력했음을 다시 한번 확인할 수 있다.