Effects of purified lignin on in vitro rumen metabolism and growth performance of feedlot cattle

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: The objectives were to assess the effects of purified lignin from wheat straw (sodium hydroxide dehydrated lignin; SHDL) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and on the growth performance of feedlot cattle.
Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted by incubating a timothy-alfalfa (50:50) forage mixture (48 h) and barley grain (24 h) with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL of rumen fluid (equivalent to 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 g SHDL/kg diet). Productions of CH4 and total gas, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or starch were measured. Sixty Hereford-Angus cross weaned steer calves were individually fed a typical barley silage-barley grain based total mixed ration and supplemented with SHDL at 0, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg DM for 70 (growing), 28 (transition), and 121 d (finishing) period. Cattle were slaughtered at the end of the experiment and carcass traits were assessed.
Results: With forage, SHDL linearly (p<0.001) reduced 48-h in vitro DMD from 54.9% to 39.2%, NDF disappearance from 34.1% to 18.6% and the acetate: propionate ratio from 2.56 to 2.41, but linearly (p<0.001) increased CH4 production from 9.5 to 12.4 mL/100 mg DMD. With barley grain, SHDL linearly increased (p<0.001) 24-h DMD from74.6% to 84.5%, but linearly (p<0.001) reduced CH4 production from 5.6 to 4.2 mL/100 mg DMD and NH3 accumulation from 9.15 to 4.49 μmol/mL. Supplementation of SHDL did not affect growth, but tended (p = 0.10) to linearly reduce feed intake, and quadratically increased (p = 0.059) feed efficiency during the finishing period. Addition of SHDL also tended (p = 0.098) to linearly increase the saleable meat yield of the carcass from 52.5% to 55.7%.
Conclusion: Purified lignin used as feed additive has potential to improve feed efficiency for finishing feedlot cattle and carcass quality.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Phillip LE, "The potential use of lignin in animal nutrition, and in modifying microbial ecology of the gut" Animal Nutrition Association of Canada 165-184, 2000

2 Menke KH, "The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro" 93 : 217-222, 1979

3 Goatcher WD, "Taste responses in ruminants. 4. Reactions of pygmy goats, normal goats, sheep and cattle to acetic acid and quinine hydrochloride" 31 : 373-382, 1970

4 SAS Institute, "SAS User’s Guide" SAS Inst, Inc 2009

5 Lora JH, "Recent industrial applications of lignin: a sustainable alternative to nonrenewable materials" 10 : 39-48, 2002

6 Ogbodo SO, "Possible alternatives to reduce antibiotic resistance" LSMR-24 : 1-9, 2011

7 Yitbarek MB, "Phytogenics as feed additives in poultry production: a review" 3 : 49-60, 2015

8 Bailey DRC, "Operator and machine effects on ultrasonic measurements of beef cows" 18 : 305-309, 1988

9 Beauchemin KA, "Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review" 48 : 21-27, 2008

10 NRC, "Nutrient requirements of beef cattle" Natl Acad Sci Press 1996

11 Lora JH, "Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Materials" Elsevier 225-242, 2009

12 Van Soest PJ, "Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition" 74 : 3583-3597, 1991

13 Ayyachamy M, "Lignin: untapped biopolymers in biomass conversion technologies" 3 : 255-267, 2013

14 Transparency Market Research, "Lignin market - global industry analysis, size, share, growth, trends and forecast, 2015-2023"

15 Valencia Z, "Lignin as a purified dietary fiber supplement for piglets" 17 : 1517-1527, 1997

16 Jung HG, "Inhibition of structural carbohydrate fermentation by forage phenolics" 36 : 74-80, 1985

17 Ricke SC, "Influence of dietary fibres on performance and fermentation characteristics of gut contents from growing chicks" 61 : 1335-1343, 1982

18 Canadian Council on Animal Care, "Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals. Vol 1E" ON 2009

19 Øskov ER, "Fermentation balance approach to estimate extent of fermentation and efficiency of volatile fatty acids formation in ruminants" 51 : 1429-, 1968

20 Zeng Z, "Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review" 6 : 7-, 2015

21 Wang Y, "Effects of purified lignin on in vitro ruminal fermentation and on growth performance, carcass traits and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli by feedlot lambs" 151 : 21-31, 2009

22 Baurhoo B, "Effects of purified lignin and mannanoligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens" 86 : 1070-1078, 2007

23 Wang Y, "Effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on ruminal digestion of forage and concentrate diets in vitro" 145 : 375-395, 2008

24 Oskoueian E, "Effects of flavonoids on rumen fermentation activity, methane production, and microbial population" 2013

25 Patra AK, "Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations" 78 : 4271-4280, 2012

26 Kouazounde J, "Effects of essential oils from medicinal plants acclimated to Benin on in vitro ruminal fermentation of grass" 95 : 1031-1038, 2015

27 Chaves AV, "Effect of pasture type (alfalfa vs. grass) on methane and carbon dioxide production by yearling beef heifers" 86 : 409-418, 2006

28 Hartley RD, "Effect of forage cell wall phenolic acids and derivatives on rumen microflora" 49 : 405-411, 1989

29 Yu B, "Effect of different sources of dietary fibre on growth performance, intestinal morphology and caecal carbohydrases of domestic geese" 39 : 560-567, 1998

30 Herrera-Saldana, RE, "Dry matter, crude protein and starch degradability of five cereal grains" 73 : 2386-2393, 1990

31 Ugartondo V, "Comparative antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of lignins from different sources" 99 : 6683-6687, 2008

32 Gosselink RJA, "Co-ordination network for lignin—standardisation, production and applications adapted to market requirements (EUROLIGNIN)" 20 : 121-129, 2004

33 Wallace RJ, "Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites" 63 : 621-629, 2004

34 Dong X, "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lignin from residue of corn stover to ethanol production" 34 : 1629-1634, 2011

35 Drlica KS, "Antibiotic resistance: understanding and responding to an emerging crisis" FT Press Science 2011

36 Dibner JJ, "Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action" 84 : 634-643, 2005

37 Fedorak PM, "A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic culture in serum bottles" 4 : 425-432, 1983