반덤핑/상계관세법상 “불리한 가용 정보 적용”의 WTO 합치성 = 미국 2015년 무역특혜확장법(TPEA) 적용을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국 상무부는 2015년 무역특혜확장법(TPEA)을 통한 반덤핑/상계관세법 개정 이후 불리한 가용 정보(AFA)의 이용을 적극적으로 확대하고 있다. 그 결과 작년부터 우리나라 대표적인 수출기업들에게도 전면적 또는 부분적 AFA의 적용을 통해 종가세 기준 60%에 이르는 고율의 반덤핑/상계관세를 부과하고 있다. 현대중공업 대형변압기에 대한 반덤핑관세와 포스코 냉연/열연철강에 대한 상계관세가 그 단적인 예이다. 이 논문에서는 AFA 적용 관련 규정인 WTO 반덤핑협정 제6.8조(부속서 2) 및 보조금협정 제12.7조의 적용 요건과 기준을 기존의 WTO 상소기구 판례법에 비추어 제시한 다음 위 포스코와 현대중공업에 대한 상계/반덤핑관세 부과조치가 위 협정 규정 위반임을 분석하여 밝힌다. 그리고 그 조치들의 법적 근거 규정인 TPEA 그 자체를 WTO에 제소할 수 있는지도 분석해 본다. 마지막으로 우리나라 정부에 대한 정책적 조언을 하면서 이글을 마친다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Commerce Department of the United States has aggressively applied ‘adverse facts available’ in the context of antidumping/countervailing duty investigations since it enacted the Trade Preference Expansion Act of 2015. As a result, since last year, major Korean exporting enterprises have become subject to antidumping/countervailing duties as high as 60% ad valorem. Representative examples are antidumping measures against Hyundai Heavy Industry(HHI)’s large transmitters and countervailing measures against POSCO’s cold/hot-rolled steel. This paper aims to interpret the requirements and legal standards for applications of adverse facts available under Article 6.8(Annex 2) of Antidumping Agreement and Article 12.7 of the Subsidies Agreement in light of the WTO Appellate Body’s jurisprudence. Then, this paper demonstrates why and how the U.S. antidumping and countervailing measures against HHI and POSCO, respectively, constitute violations of the above WTO provisions. Also, this paper analyzes whether the TPEA, which provides for legal basis of such aggressive resort to AFA provisions, may be challnged as such in the WTO dispute settlement. This paper closes with some trade policy suggestions for the Korean government.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 반덤핑/보조금협정상 가용 정보(Facts Available)의 활용
• Ⅲ. 포스코 및 현대중공업에 대한 ‘불리한 가용정보(AFA)’ 적용의 WTO 합치성
• Ⅳ. TPEA 상의 AFA 관련 규정에 대한 “as such” 제소 가능성
• V. 맺음말
• 〈참고문헌〉
• 국문초록
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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