Objective: In South Korea, the prevalence and incidence of all-type dementiais rapidly increasing caused by an aging society. The government has implemented several policies to overcome and manage dementia at the national level due to the increased so...
Objective: In South Korea, the prevalence and incidence of all-type dementiais rapidly increasing caused by an aging society. The government has implemented several policies to overcome and manage dementia at the national level due to the increased socio-economic burden. However, most of the previous studies have focused on identifying risk factors for dementia, but few studies analyzed the life path of dementia patients. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze clinical factors that affect survival rates from diagnosis of dementia to death. In addition, we derived treatment details and reimbursement costs of dementia patients.
Methods: Medical history information of dementia patients aged 60 or older (N =31,966) was collected from 2002 to 2015 provided by NHIS elderly cohort database. The Cox proportional hazards model stratified by sex was used to derive mortality factors and hazards ratio (HR), and the Kaplan-Meier survival estimation was used to derive survival time and ratio of median survival time (MR).
Results: During the past 13 years from 2002 to 2015, the prevalence of dementia in the cohort increased by more than 33 times. Dementia patients accounted for 10.6% of the total cohort. Among all the dementia patients, 69.2% of patients are women and 30.8% of dementia patients are men. Based on the results from Cox model, age at diagnosis was strong mortality factor in both male and female but more evident in female
group (Ref 60s; HR for 70s: 2.29, 80s: 5.54, 90s and over: 10.53). On the contrary, high blood sugar (HR for male: 1.32, female: 1.32), high blood pressure (HR for male: 1.18, female: 1.25), underweight (HR for male: 1.42, female: 1.24), positive urine protein (HR for male: 1.26, female: 1.14), and smoking history (HR for male: 1.20, female: 1.41) have increased the risk of mortality. As a result of Kaplan-Meier estimator of the survival function, long-term outpatient treatment and drug treatment increased the survival time of early dementia by about 1-2 years but didn’t work at the terminal stage of dementia. Among the dementia treatments, the Acetylcarnitine prescription group achieved the greatest prolongation of the survival time. Last, the cost of outpatient treatment and drug treatment increased by more than 5 times and 10 times during the past 13 years, respectively.
Conclusions: This study derived significant factors for death of dementia patients among clinical characteristics by sex, and observed changes in median survival time according to hospitalization, outpatient and drug-use days after diagnosis of dementia. It is expected that the dementia prevalence, mortality factor, treatment history, medication, and treatment cost analyzed in this study can be used as basis data in healthcare
law reform.
Keywords: Dementia, Survival analysis, Mortality factor, Prevalence rate, Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier estimation, Elderly cohort DB