모리스 라벨의 밤의 가스파르에 관한 연구 = A Study on Gaspard de la Nuit by Maurice Ravel

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

At the end of nineteenth century, impressionistic musical style first appeared in France influenced by
impressionistic painting and symbolistic literature. Maurice Ravel, the representative composer of French
impressionism, combined classical form and impressionistic style using melodic, harmonic and rhythmic
elements. 'Gaspard de la Nuit' is Ravel's one of the most outstanding piano pieces, inspired by three poems
among 'Gaspard de la Nuit: Fantasic a la Maniere de Callot et Rambrant' by Aloysius Bertrand.
The first piece, 'Ondine', is based on the poem 'Ondine', a story of the water nymph Undine seducing the
writer. It is written in C-sharp major and free sonata form which has short introduction and coda. Ravel uses
Pentatonic scale which creates oriental ambiance. 'Le Gibet', based on the poem 'Le Gibet' is the second and
the shortest piece among three compositions. The poem describes a view of the desert where a dead body is
hung at dusk. The music is written in e-flat minor and ABA form. B flat octave ostinato, imitation of the
tolling bell, throughout the entire piece is impressive and distinctive. Based on the poem 'Scarbo', the last piece,
'Scarbo' portrays a small mischief goblin Scarbo in the moonlight. It is the most difficult piece of all the three
movements. It is written in g-sharp minor and free sonata form. Each piece expresses the sense of
impressionistic color employing church modes, whole-tone scale, pentatonic scale, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th
harmonies, syncopation, polyrhythm in traditional frames.